Search results for "Centralisation"
showing 10 items of 59 documents
Production of Cultural Policy in Russia: Authority and Intellectual Leadership
2020
The paper discusses different frameworks of knowledge production within the discourses and practices of Russian cultural policy. Russian cultural policy as an administrative sector has been developed in line with two distinctive governmental regimes, more precisely during the period of liberal decentralisation of the 1990s and the conservative centralisation from 2011 up until today. The study focuses on the main changes that have occurred in the framework of policy design and participation in policy-making. An attempt is made to combine Foucauldian analytical frameworks of power and discourse with a Gramscian hegemonic approach to political studies that was mainly advocated by the Essex sc…
The resilience of Finnish farms: Exploring the interplay between agency and structure
2020
Resilience implies, in its essence, the capacity of a system to tolerate disturbances while retaining its essential functions. In the context of agriculture, resilience thinking calls for considering the ability of farms to thrive in turbulent times along with the ability of the ecological system – in which the agricultural production is embedded – to retain its function and integrity. Resilience is a relevant conceptual tool to analyse the contradictory management demands that farms are facing within the current neoliberal market regime: being economically viable and environmentally sustainable. In this study, the resilience of farms was operationalised through farmers' perceptions concern…
Collectivités territoriales et énergie : analyse des compétences locales
2008
International audience; Nous assistons en France, comme dans la plupart des pays européens, à une relocalisation de la gestion de l'énergie se traduisant par une décentralisation des compétences vers les collectivités territoriales et un effacement relatif de l'État dans ce domaine. Une étude rétrospective des politiques énergétiques menées en France au cours du XXe siècle nous permettra de mettre en lumière les facteurs d'évolution à l'origine de cette situation. Nous nous intéresserons ensuite plus particulièrement aux compétences attribuées aux Régions, aux communes et à leurs groupements et aux mesures qui leur sont proposées afin qu'elles puissent mettre en oeuvre des politiques locale…
Services supérieurs et recomposition urbaine
2000
Since the 1980s, we have observed an increasing tendency o f specialized services like producer services to leave their « natural habitat » in the center o f large met ropolitan areas in order to re loc at e in suburban zones. This phenomenon is particularly apparen t in North American citi es and seems to be occurring around certain French cities too. This paperinvestigates the forms taken by this new trend, and the reasons behind it. Taking economic geography and economics of cities as our theoretical basis, we first describe the main forces deter mining the agglomeration o f producer services and their preference for certain big cities. Agglomeration factors are to be looked for not only…
Sociologie de l'école : 6ème édition
2022
Cette 6eédition, totalement réactualisée, d’un manuel devenu « la » référence sur le monde de l’école, des élèves et des enseignants, explore le domaine de manière systématique et objective, et sous des aspects divers : place de l’école dans la société (politiques scolaires, inégalités de carrière, enjeux de la réussite scolaire, évolution des analyses théoriques), mais aussi acteurs et pratiques (profession enseignante, programmes, pratiques éducatives des familles, métiers d’élève).L’ouvrage propose ainsi de nombreux éléments sur les effets des politiques éducatives, la construction et les effets de ségrégation scolaire, ou encore les changements introduits par le renouvellement des ensei…
IL CONTRATTO AZIENDALE IN TEMPI DI CRISI. Esperienze euro-mediterranee a confronto
2017
Nell’ultimo decennio il decentramento contrattuale ha conosciuto una forte accelerazione soprattutto negli Stati convenzionalmente racchiusi nel modello “euro-mediterraneo” (Italia, Francia, Grecia, Portogallo e Spagna) parallelamente all’acuirsi della crisi economico-finanziaria: il contratto aziendale può infatti derogare sempre più alle disposizioni di legge e alle clausole del contratto nazionale, venendo a incrinare il paradigma novecentesco dell’inderogabilità. In tale processo di riscrittura della contrattazione un ruolo chiave è stato giocato dalle istituzioni europee ed internazionali attraverso strumenti di harde soft law (New European Economic Governance), sulla base dell’assunto…
Pursuing decentralisation : regional cultural policies in Finland and Sweden
2021
In both Finland and Sweden, decentralisation has traditionally been an essential cultural policy aim. This article explores how, by pursuing decentralisation, the regional jurisdictions have been presented with more possibilities to fulfil their purposes and in this way, gain legitimacy in cultural policy. Based on the analysis of political, legal, and administrative documents, three main periods of regional decentralisation in cultural policies are identified: regions as vehicles of welfare policy, regionalisation, and competitive regions. In both countries, national governments have promoted the regional level’s agency, and in doing so, potential institutional change in cultural policy. H…
Transfer of powers and reallocation of the social capital available to junior governments
1993
The article starts from the assumption that the production of junior governments in sub-central jurisdictions such as the department of the region is related both to the powers or resources that they receive from the central government and to the social capital which is available to them. A model is proposed in which both elements are considered as factors o f production. The second being able to move only slowly across levels of jurisdiction, the central government is itself unable to transfer rapidly powers or resources from one level to another without running the risk of an efficiency loss of the whole which it would find unacceptable in terms of electoral support.
: State monopoly and school decentralization: and exploration of Latin America.
2004
This article tries to investigate the decentralisation processes in the context of Latin American educational systems, as part of the operation of methods of providing school education. First of all, a number of theoretical categories linked to the provision of school education are established. Secondly, the article examines the four dominant conceptions of educational decentralisation in order to understand the role each of them has played in the countries that were reviewed. In this context and thirdly, the article proves the need to strictly understand the differences existing between decentralisation processes, in the context of state bureaucracy, in relation to the privatisation of edu…
Le système éducatif français face aux limites d'une gestion publique et centralisée
2000
This chapter constitutes the French case study within a book dedicated to the relations between societal values in a given country and its educational system. It shows how, in the French context, values such as secularism, republicanism, and jacobinism (high level of centralization), have influenced the evolution of the educational system. It reviews the impact of this global background on the issue of equal access to education, and on equity. But it questions the limits of this approach for future improvements of the overall performances of the system, in particular for the treatment of at-risk students and for the social promotion of children of low socio-economic background. It also exam…