Search results for "Century"

Multi-currency regime and markets in early nineteenth-century Finland

2020

Pre-industrial money supply typically consisted of multiple, often foreign currencies. Standard economic theory implies that this entails welfare loss due to transaction costs imposed by currency exchange. Through a study of novel data on Finnish nineteenth-century parish-level currency conditions, we show that individual currencies had principal areas of circulation, with extensive co-circulation restricted to the boundary regions in between. We show that trade networks, defined here through the regional co-movement of grain prices, proved crucial in determining the currency used. Market institutions and standard price mechanisms had an apparent role in the spread of different currencies a…

Velka, vararikko ja tuomio : konkurssi ja sen merkitykset 1800-luvun suomalaisissa kaupungeissa

2017

This dissertation makes use of legal documents and ancillary official sources revealing the life courses of individuals to explore the implications of bankruptcy and the meanings attached to it at a time when Finnish society industrialized and modernized. Three perspectives serve to support the analysis. At the heart of the study is the domestic economy. Thus the study is concerned with cases of bankruptcy ruin both during life and also after death. Secondly, bankruptcy is addressed as an indicator of economic dynamism and entrepreneurial spirit. Thirdly, attitudes to bankruptcy are approached from the perspective of legal and social forgiveness. The era of industrialization gave rise to ev…

Omintakeisen kansankynttilän kintereillä

2015

Kirja-arvostelu teoksesta: Suni, Hannu: Röyhkeä opettaja. Esa Paavo-Kallion todellisuuskäsitykset, nälkävuodet ja maailmojen konflikti 1867–1913.. Suomen Kirkkohistoriallinen Seura, 2014. 200 sivua. Teologi Hannu Suni tarkastelee kirkkohistorian piiriin kuuluvassa tutkimuksessaan, kuinka erään kansakoulunopettajan toiminta kuvaa samalla hänen aikansa yhteiskunnallista ja hengellistä murrosta 1800-luvun lopulla. Tutkimuksen keskiössä oleva Esa Paavo-Kallio kyseenalaisti maallikkosaarnaajana perinteiset yhteiskuntarakenteet ja joutui sen vuoksi törmäyskurssille evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon edustajien kanssa. Jyväskylän kansakoulunopettajaseminaarin käynyt Esa Paavo-Kallio kiinnostui opiskelu…

Tulkittu, torjuttu ja rajoitettu hulluus Aleksis Kiven Seitsemässä veljeksessä

2019

Circular Forms in Aleksis Kivi’s Texts

2016

In this paper, I identify and analyse regular geometric forms that appear in nineteenth-century Finnish author Aleksis Kivi’s texts. His characters and his narrators exemplify these forms to the reader. The characters’ environments are geometrically described, mapped and constructed in Seven Brothers, and geometric figures also exist in several of Kivi’s novels, plays and poems. Circles are the most common of these figures. Thus, I concentrate on expanding and converging regular geometric forms that connect to circles. peerReviewed

Ses racines et son développement de 1820 à 1920

2017

The aim of the study is to examine the Saami book history in the context of Finland in order to understand its evolution from 1820 to 1920. The study focuses on books and other printed materials in Saami language(s) (or idioms) and it looks into archival documents to throw light on their intellectual history. The Saami book history has unfolded slowly, and occasionally, it has appeared to fall into decline. The present study follows the French school of book history that uses multidisciplinary methods to examine books as a reflection of ideology in the context of a given culture at a given time. Such an approach allows us to see how a minority can express itself, what possibilities there ar…

Taitamisen tiede - tietämisen taide : taidon oppimisen arkkitehtuuri

2016

The purpose of this research was to study skill learning and the meaning of the art and skill subjects in Finnish comprehensive school. During the last decade, there have been many discussions in the media about the position of the art and skill subjects in our school system and the curriculum. The beginning, the idea, of this study can be located in 2003, when we educators were in the middle of designing the new curriculum for the year 2004. In that curriculum the amount of the art and skill subjects was decreasing, because the amount of the optional subjects decreased from 20 to 13. Many teachers asked: why was that happening? They had a feeling, that the direction was not right. I was al…

Vähentäjää vähentämässä : Tehdaspuu Oy puunhankkijana Suomessa

2011

The Taboo of the Perverse Dying Body

2014

A human being is continuously living towards death within a mortal body that is dying little by little, second after second. In the gloss of popular media, the taboo reality of this stain of mortality is hidden by a diversion, which is created by the multiple pornographies of visual culture: the pornography of perfect bodies and the pornography of violent death. No longer invisible or ‘unspeakable’, the taboo body has been appropriated to serve a function in the mainstream didactics. Both the lusus naturae of natural bodies and the decay of sickness and death are squeezed into such roles in the postmodern visual narrative that the mortality of the human being appears unlikely and accidental…

Income inequality and famine mortality: Evidence from the Finnish famine of the 1860s

2021

This article examines whether economic inequality intensified the adverse effects of harvest, price, and income shocks during a famine. Using a parish-level longitudinal dataset from the Finnish famine of the 1860s, it shows that a substantial proportion of the excess mortality experienced during the famine resulted from a decline in agricultural production, a decline in incomes, and a surge in food prices. The findings indicate that the adverse effects of food output fluctuations were intensified by increasing income inequality and decreasing average income, while the market-transmitted shocks were weakened by a contraction of disposable income. The results are corroborated with multiple a…