Search results for "Cerebro"

Possible Pathomechanisms Responsible for Injury to the Central Nervous System in the Settings of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency

2012

The discovery of stenoses in the azygous and internal jugular veins, the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency that accompanies multiple sclerosis, has enabled the reinterpretation of knowledge about this neurologic dis- ease. Pathologic venous outflow from the central nervous system appears to lead to two main problems. Firstly, it disas- sembles the blood-brain barrier and may allow the penetration of nervous parenchyma by glutamate and leukocytes. Sec- ondly, it may result in significant hypoperfusion of the brain and spinal cord. These two overlapping pathologies are likely to trigger plaques through caspase-1-driven pyroptosis of oligodendrocytes and to evoke neurodegene…

CNS manifestations of Fabry's disease

2006

Summary Background Fabry's disease is a rare hereditary lysosomal storage disease with multiorgan involvement. Deficiency of α-galactosidase A activity leads to accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, especially in vascular endothelial and smooth-muscle cells. Along with progressive renal and cardiac dysfunction, stroke is a major and often life-threatening burden of the disease. Cerebral vasculopathy, confirmed by neuropathological, neuroradiological, and functional studies, occurs commonly and leads to ischaemic cerebrovascular events at an early age. Recent developments Fabry's disease is an X-linked disease and women have been regarded as only mildly affected carriers. However, rese…

Semaphorin 6A Improves Functional Recovery in Conjunction with Motor Training after Cerebral Ischemia

2010

Stroke is a major health problem in industrialized societies. Despite numerous attempts at developing acute stroke therapies aimed at minimizing acute infarct development, the only approved therapy so far is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). In recent years, the attention of the stroke community has therefore also put increased emphasis on understanding processes of post-stroke recovery, and their potential exploitability for therapeutic purposes. The brain has a remarkable ability to adapt to changes after stroke. Mechanisms that contribute to this plasticity are re-mapping and expansion of cortical areas to neighboring regions of functional motor cortex areas after injury […

Description of the response of a new multi-parametric brain sensor to physiological and pathophysiological challenges in the cortex of juvenile pigs

2014

AIM Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP), local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen is part of modern intensive critical care medicine. Preclinical evaluation of newly developed catheters that should monitor several parameters simultaneously is reported poorly in the literature. The goal of our study was (1) to evaluate a new multi-parametric sensor in brain tissue and (2) to establish a testing protocol using pathophysiological challenges that target measured parameters of the sensor and autoregulatory boundaries and could be used as preclinical standard protocol in future studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We describe data from 12 new multi-parametric brain sensors (MPBS) that were impla…

Microcirculation after cerebral venous occlusions as assessed by laser Doppler scanning.

1997

✓ Research on cerebral venous circulation disturbances (CVCDs) has been limited partly by the paucity of animal models that produce consistent venous infarction. Occlusion of two adjacent cortical veins in rats by means of a photochemical thrombotic technique provides a minimally invasive, clinically relevant, and reproducible model suited to study the pathophysiology of CVCDs. In this study, the effects of venous occlusion on regional cortical blood flow and the brain damage that ensues were evaluated. Cortical vein occlusion was induced by photoactivation of rose bengal via 100-µm fiberoptic illumination. The cerebral venous flow pattern was examined using fluorescence angiography until 9…

Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen saturation in a rat sinus-vein thrombosis model.

1996

Background and Purpose The pathophysiology of sinus-vein thrombosis (SVT) in patients and experimental animals is still poorly understood. This study was designed to examine and further elucidate the pathophysiological sequence of events, especially the relationship between local and regional blood flow and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbSO 2 ) detected at identical locations. The use of both parameters as outcome indicators should be compared. Methods SVT was induced by ligation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and slow injection of kaolin-cephalin suspension into the SSS in rats. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed by laser-Doppler flowmetry together with regional HbSO …

Cerebral venous outflow in the prone position

2020

Reinterpreting the Magnetic Resonance Signs of Hemodynamic Impairment in the Brains of Multiple Sclerosis Patients From the Perspective of a Recent D…

2010

Multiple sclerosis patients examined with perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have been found to have patterns of abnormal blood flow. These include prolonged mean transit time, a trend toward decreased cerebral blood flow in the area of plaques, and decreased cerebral blood flow and prolonged mean transit time within normal-appearing white matter. In-creased cerebral blood flow and volume and decreased mean transit time (compared with the baseline values before the relapse) were found to precede the development of plaques. In addition, susceptibility-weighted imaging utilizing deoxyhemoglobin as the contrast has revealed that venous blood in cerebral veins of multiple scle…

Bilateral ptosis and internuclear ophthalmoplegia in a case of bilateral thalamic and midbrain Infarct.

2008

Le fistole liquorali nella patologia otologica

2005

Cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in the otologic pathology show the presence of one or more anomalous touches between subaracnoids spaces and temporal bone. Cerebrospinal fluid fistulas are distinguished in congenital and acquired. The acquired fistulas are the most large group and they include post-traumatic fistulas, post-infective fistulas and/or post-inflammatory fistulas, iatrogenic fistulas, post-neoplastic fistulas and spontaneous fistulas. The congenital fistulas are more rare, they involve otic capsula and are, often, associated with malformations of inner ear. The critical analysis of our data leads, in our opinion, to some interesting diagnostic considerations. © Copyright 2005, CIC …