Search results for "Certainty"
showing 10 items of 1057 documents
Szacowanie czasu realizacji projektu przy nieprecyzyjnych zmiennych
2017
The paper presents the essence and significance of the project time estimation under uncertainty and risk using ordered fuzzy numbers. The proposed approach is based on a fuzzy model of uncertainty using ordered fuzzy numbers as imprecise data – duration times. The presented extended critical path method is a new approach that has not been presented so far in the literature of the subject. The authors present the implementation of the approach on an example. The advantages of the proposed approach have been outlined in the paper. The proposed approach can find practical applications in decision-making problems under conditions of risk and uncertainty, supporting decision-makers in the plann…
The Calderón problem for the conformal Laplacian
2022
We consider a conformally invariant version of the Calderón problem, where the objective is to determine the conformal class of a Riemannian manifold with boundary from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the conformal Laplacian. The main result states that a locally conformally real-analytic manifold in dimensions can be determined in this way, giving a positive answer to an earlier conjecture [LU02, Conjecture 6.3]. The proof proceeds as in the standard Calderón problem on a real-analytic Riemannian manifold, but new features appear due to the conformal structure. In particular, we introduce a new coordinate system that replaces harmonic coordinates when determining the conformal class in a …
Projecting Pension Expenditures in Spain: On Uncertainty, Communication and Transparency
2008
In this paper we suggest a set of indicators about the future performance of the Spanish public pension system and a suitable method of representing their uncertainty, in order to improve the communication to the public opinion about its main future challenges. Spain seems a particularly interesting case in Europe to illustrate our proposals, since the social security system has been in surplus for nine consecutive years, in sharp contrast to the projections made just a decade ago, but, at the same time, most projections foresee for Spain one of the highest increases in public expenditure among EU countries due to ageing. We argue that simple, transparent, credible, public and periodic indi…
A study of Type B uncertainties associated with the photoelectric effect in low-energy Monte Carlo simulations
2021
The goal of this manuscript is to estimate Type B uncertainties in absorbed-dose calculations arising from the different implementations in current state-of-the-art Monte Carlo codes of low-energy photon cross-sections (<200 keV). Monte Carlo simulations are carried out using three codes widely used in the low-energy domain: PENELOPE-2018, EGSnrc, and MCNP. Mass energy-absorption coefficients for water, air, graphite, and their respective ratios; absorbed dose; and photon-fluence spectra are considered. Benchmark simulations using similar cross-sections have been performed. The differences observed between these quantities when different cross-sections are considered are taken to be a go…
Deep and Proximate Determinants of the World Income Distribution
2019
This paper studies the deep and proximate determinants of the evolution of the cross-country distribution of GDP per worker in the period 1960–2008 by a novel method based on an information criterion. We find that countries of our sample follow three distinctive growth regimes identified by two deep determinants, namely life expectancy at birth in 1960 and the share of Catholics in 1965, and that each regime is characterized by non-linearities. Growth regimes appear to be the main cause of the increased inequality and polarization, while technological catch-up, proxied by the initial level of GDP per worker, acts in the opposite direction. Finally, human capital marginally reduces polarizat…
La aplicación de los tributos en los casos de delito contra la hacienda pública
2021
The paper analyses the multiple tax procedures to be developed by the different bodies of the Spanish Tax Authorities (tax management procedures, tax inspection procedures, tax collection and tax penalty procedures) in the case of appreciation of an alleged crime against the Public Treasury. To attain this goal, a study of the new Tax crime configuration after 2012´ criminal reform is carried out, as well as a study of Act 34/2015.
Early warning system in logistics project management
2017
Risk management is a vital process in all complex logistics project management. We discuss the concept of early warning system EWS dedicated to logistics project, which enable management under the conditions of uncertainty and risk. The complexity and uniqueness of the logistics projects as well as the discontinuity of the effects in the environment of goods and services, significantly impact the inability to eliminate the risks and subsequently lead to changes during execution. The introduction into companies and supply chains things such as: principles, methods, mechanisms of knowledge management and project risk, e.g. by implementing into the logistics project management the early warnin…
LOGISTICS PROJECT PLANNING UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
2017
The paper discusses highly important issues related to the practice of logistics project planning under conditions of certainty, risk, and uncertainty. This process requires the use of a variety of planning information (complete or incomplete, express or implied) as well as the generation of new knowledge. The decision-making process takes place in a deterministic or an nondeterministic situation; the former involves complete information (i.e., certainty) and the latter incomplete information (i.e., risk and uncertainty). Becoming acquainted with the discussed issues provides valuable practical knowledge that may be helpful in making important decisions when formulating concepts and models …
Zarządzanie wiedzą projektową w kontekście społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu
2016
Project knowledge and relationships with stakeholders are treated as a po- tential source of project success, and thus such as a source of competitiveness. This means that there is a need for research into these issues, especially in the context of measuring a competitive advantage and potential and actual benefits of the acquisition of project knowledge and relationships with stakeholders in the context of corporate social responsibility.
'It's like a Sentence before the Sentence' - Exploring the Pains and Possibilities of Waiting for Imprisonment
2020
This article explores the implications of the ‘imprisonment queue’ in Norway. Based on interview data (N = 200), we show that while interviewees waiting to serve their sentences enjoy certain benefits such as being able to prepare for or negotiate the terms of their imprisonment, they also suffer from uncertainty and powerlessness. The suspension of their lives while they wait hinders them in pursuing their ground projects, things that really matter to them. This peculiar phenomenon has not received attention from prison scholars generally, as well as scholars writing on Nordic Exceptionalism specifically. This article addresses that gap and poses questions about the relative mildness of th…