Search results for "Cessation"
showing 10 items of 144 documents
Influence of health literacy on maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum: a multicentre study
2022
Data Availability Statement: Please note that the database is in an open repository. You can access the data through this link: http://hdl.handle.net/10234/196606 (accessed on 20 February 2022). Copyright © 2022 by the authors. Background: International organizations recommend initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of life and maintaining exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. However, worldwide rates of exclusive breastfeeding for 6-month-old infants is far from meeting the goal proposed by the World Health Organization, which is to reach a minimum of 50% of infants. Education is one of the factors affecting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, and incidentall…
Determinants of self-reported smoking and misclassification during pregnancy, and analysis of optimal cut-off points for urinary cotinine: a cross-se…
2013
10 p. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with smoking and misclassification in pregnant women from INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente, Environment and Childhood) project, Spain, and to assess the optimal cut-offs for urinary cotinine (UC) that best distinguish daily and occasional smokers with varying levels of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure.-- Design: We used logistic regression models to study the relationship between sociodemographic variables and self-reported smoking and misclassification (self-reported non-smokers with UC >50 ng/ml). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the optimal cut-off point for discriminating smokers. The…
Severity of dependence modulates smokers' neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving elicited by tobacco advertisement
2010
Smoking-related cues elicit craving and mesocorticolimbic brain activation in smokers. Severity of nicotine dependence seems to moderate cue reactivity, but the direction and mechanisms of its influence remains unclear. Although tobacco control policies demand a ban on tobacco advertising, cue reactivity studies in smokers so far have not employed tobacco advertisement as experimental stimuli. We investigated whether tobacco advertisement elicits cue reactivity at a behavioral (subjective craving) and a neural level (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in 22 smokers and 21 never-smokers. Moreover, we studied the influence of severity of dependence on cue reactivity. In smokers, tob…
COPD in elderly patients – an analysis of the DACCORD observational study
2018
Introduction: In elderly patients COPD is frequently complicated by the presence of several comorbidities and the many non-COPD-related medications prescribed to treat these conditions. This analysis aims to characterize COPD patients above the age of 75 in a real-world cohort in Germany. Methods: DACCORD is a prospective, non-interventional study collecting data from COPD patients treated in primary and secondary care. Prior to study entry, patients either initiated or changed COPD maintenance medication. Moderate/severe exacerbations, COPD-medication and non-COPD medication were documented at baseline and every 3 months. Comorbidities were documented at baseline. Results: Baseline charact…
Future Directions in the Pharmacologic Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2005
Current therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fails to alter its relentless progression. This remains a significant challenge and unmet need. A recent advance is the demonstration that treatment with a fixed dose of an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-agonist in COPD improves lung function and quality of life, and reduces exacerbation more effectively than either drug alone. Other improvements include the introduction of tiotropium, a once-daily anticholinergic. In advanced clinical development are other once-daily bronchodilators and combinations of anticholinergic drugs and beta2-agonists. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD has led to nove…
Consultations de tabacologie pendant le mois sans tabac : profil des fumeurs et sevrage
2021
Resume Introduction En novembre 2016, la France a mis en place l’operation « Mois sans tabac ». L’objectif de cette etude consistait a comparer les caracteristiques des fumeurs et le taux d’arret a un mois en consultation de tabacologie avant et apres cette mise en place. Methodes Dans la base nationale CDTnet, 1943 fumeurs avaient effectue au moins 28 jours de suivi. Leurs caracteristiques et statut tabagique ont ete compares entre novembre 2014 et 2015 versus novembre 2016 et 2017. Les facteurs predictifs de l’abstinence ont ete determines par des modeles de regression logistique. Resultats Une augmentation significative du nombre de consultations de 6,9 % a ete observee en 2016–2017 vers…
Light smoking and dependence symptoms in high-school students.
2005
Summary In high-school students, prevalence of smoking is high but few studies analyzed smoking in the student population according to nicotine content of smoked cigarettes and gender. We analyzed the responses to a questionnaire, including the modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), administered to 555 students (382 males, 173 females) of a professional high school in Palermo, Italy, to assess the prevalence in both genders of: (1) smoking “light” and high nicotine (HN) cigarettes; (2) signs of nicotine dependence and (3) respiratory symptoms. Nicotine content of habitually smoked cigarettes was considered as “light” if ⩽0.8 mg; as high if >0.8 mg. Forty-four percent of students…
New horizons in early stage COPD--improving knowledge, detection and treatment.
2011
SummaryEarly stage COPD carries a significant healthcare burden that is currently underrecognised, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Furthermore, patients at this stage can rapidly decline to advanced disease, especially if they continue to smoke. The natural history of the disease in early stages remains largely unknown, and emerging evidence indicates that we are able to reduce lung function decline and exacerbations, and improve quality of life, in early stage COPD, mainly through smoking cessation. But new evidence from randomised clinical trials also suggests an impact of pharmacotherapy on clinical outcomes in early disease. Guidelines need to be updated to reflect this greater underst…
Clinical implications of airway hyper-responsiveness in COPD
2006
COPD represents one of the leading causes of mortality in the general population. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and COPD and its relevance for clinical practice. We performed a MEDLINE search that yielded a total of 1919 articles. Eligible studies were defined as articles that addressed specific aspects of AHR in COPD, such as prevalence, pathogenesis, or prognosis. AHR appears to be present in at least one out of two individuals with COPD. The occurrence of AHR in COPD is influenced by multiple mechanisms, among which impairment of factors that oppose airway narrowing plays an important role. The main determinants of AHR are reduct…
Short-term benefit of smoking cessation along with glycopirronium on lung function and respiratory symptoms in mild COPD patients: a retrospective st…
2018
Introduction. Tobacco smoke is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking cessation can change the natural history of COPD, as we know from the GOLD guidelines. Little is known about the short-term clinical and functional effects of smoking cessation treatment combined with anti-muscarinic bronchodilators. Objective. To determine whether quitting smoking, obtained by smoking cessation treatment combined with the use of a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist bronchodilator (LAMA), can improve lung function tests and respiratory symptoms more than the use of LAMA alone. Methods. We evaluated, in a retrospective analysis, the functional and clinical data, colle…