Search results for "Change"

Cost that is Directly Incurred as a Result of Operating the Train Service on the 1520 mm Rail with Primarily Freight Transportation

2016

AbstractUnder the Directive 2012/34/EU (21 November 2012) “the charges for … [rail] infrastructure … shall be set at the cost that is directly incurred as a result of operating the train service”. This charging rule is new for Baltic States’ railways, where due to the favorable geographic position a full cost application without detalization was possible. Although, a big number of relevant studies on the issue was made in EU, all of them covered only 1435mm railways with primarily passenger transportation. This study has been made in order to understand the impact of train operating on 1520mm rail infrastructure with primarily freight transportation.A gradual model of infrastructure chargin…

Determinants of the interannual relationships between remote sensed photosynthetic activity and rainfall in tropical Africa

2007

International audience; The response of photosynthetic activity to interannual rainfall variations in Africa South of the Sahara is examined using 20 years (1981-2000) of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) AVHRR data. Linear correlations and regressions were computed between annual NDVI and annual rainfall at a 0.5° latitude/longitude resolution, based on two gridded precipitation datasets (Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation [CMAP] and Climatic Research Unit [CRU]). The spatial patterns were then examined to detect how they relate to the mean annual rainfall amounts, land-cover types as from the Global Land Cover 2000 data set, soil properties and soil typ…

A simple scaling procedure to assess the impact of climate change on extreme precipitation

2017

In this study we used the products of the Regional Climate Models (RCMs) to evaluate the impact of climate alterations on extreme events across the Region of Sicily (Italy). Data have been retrieved from EURO-CORDEX simulations at 12 km of spatial resolution. Because of the low resolution, the RCMs products are likely unsuitable to reproduce consistently sub-daily heavy precipitations. For this reason, extreme events at daily scale were first checked out by comparing the quantiles estimated from raingauge observations and RCMs outputs. Secondly, we implemented a temporal downscaling approach to estimate rainfall for durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours from the modeled daily precipitation. La…

Valta ja muutos : ylimmän johdon tulkinta vallan ilmenemisestä organisaation strategisessa muutosprosessissa

2009

Random utility approach to re-design passengers interchange nodes

2009

The passengers interchange node is a complex infrastructure, where the user can choose among different modal options to do his/her trip. These transport infrastructures have various terminals (car park, bus stop, metro, light rail, railway, extra-urban and sub urban bus and so on). The passengers, inside interchange node, have to reach these terminals walking often with luggage and for long distances. We calibrated a discrete choice model taking into account attributes able to explain the passenger behaviour by observed flows and generalized least squares technique. Furthermore an ex ante / ex post analysis was carried out in order to design and evaluate measure to incentive modal integrati…

Current Social and Rangeland Access Trends among Pastoralists in the Western Algerian Steppe

2021

International audience; In the western Algerian steppe, the public authorities have carried out actions aimed at rural development (agricultural development programs) and combating desertification (grazing reserves) to counter the significant and rapid loss of vegetation cover of pastures by overgrazing, and the consequent impacts on local livelihoods. In the Rogassa area, these actions have impacted land tenure and the ancestral and collective way of land use and access. These changes have caused transformations in lifestyle and pasture management. This research aims to characterize how such changes are affecting local pastoralists and what their perceptions are about them. A selective sam…

IPCC:n raportti julkaistiin poliittisesti jännitteiseen aikaan - Yhdysvallat ja muu maailma ovat nokikkain ilmastokeskustelussa

2018

Organizational Change - A Remedly Prescribed in Over-dose?

2006

People in general want improvements, but rarely radical changes. To overcome this conservatism among employees, managers are often overselling change. During a long time there has been a frenetic enthusiasm for managers to become leaders with ‘transformational’ and charismatic capabilities. To do things right has been less important than doing the right thing. This article questions this prophetic capability of managers and also the value of change. As a phenomenon in modern society, and in modern companies change is often overestimated and overvalued. What happened to the new economy? Maybe time has come to question the leader and appreciate the manager?

Profiles of reading and fluency and spelling skills : stability and change across the early school years

2023

In this longitudinal study, we examined what kind of profiles of reading fluency and spelling skills could be identified among pupils (N = 467) and how stable these profiles were during the first three years of school. We also investigated how monolingual (Swedish) and simultaneously bilingual (Finnish-Swedish) pupils and gender were distributed within the profiles. Three profiles of reading fluency and spelling skills were found among the pupils through latent profile analysis: low, average, and high performing. Latent transition analysis confirmed stable and identical profiles throughout the first school years. The distributions of monolingual and bilingual pupils and gender were equal in…

La vita degli oggetti: il ruolo della cosa donata in Seneca

2014

This paper highlights the very active role of objects in the practice of gift exchange, focusing on the representation of munus and donum which emerges from Seneca's De beneficiis and Medea's tragedy. Examining the function of the gift and its cultural patterns permits a critical comparison with anthropological studies concerning the theory of the spirit of the gift (hau) formulated by Marcel Mauss and the theme of inalienable gifts, elaborated by Annette Weiner. Such an analysis emphasizes the objects' propensity to stimulate the memory of the receiver and to arouse his gratitude. Moreover, the gift, imbued with the giver's identity, is suitable to replace him not only in gift-giving relat…