Search results for "Changement Climatique"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
Les changements climatiques : approche conceptuelle comparée en sciences humaines et sociales
2015
National audience; La présente proposition a pour domaine de recherche principal une approche des changements climatiques en droit public. Elle vise également à observer la traduction des instruments existants dans une perspective historique.Les notions théoriques relatives aux changements climatiques sont nombreuses et désormais bien identifiées : vulnérabilité, résilience et adaptation notamment. Si elles sont employées par le plus grand nombre, leur définition est moins aisée en sciences juridiques, où la référence se fait davantage en termes de prévention et de précaution. Néanmoins, l’instrument communémentutiliséen droit de l’environnement, en droit de l’urbanisme et dans les autres c…
The climate change effect on the african monsoon region : evolution of the precipitation and atmospheric fields in the CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations un…
2013
The fourth IPCC report in 2007 established the synthesis of previously published work onthe effects of climate change on global and regional scales. It shows in particular that no consensuscan be found with regard to the future of rainfall — and atmospheric dynamics- associatedwith region — African monsoon. This dissertation revisits this issue in the light of new dataand using an approach avoiding over-representation of the number of simulations available forone type of model and taking into account the diversity of models and their evolution in time :twenty general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the exercises CMIP3 (twelve GCMs)and CMIP5 (eight GCMs) under the A1B emissions sc…
L'agriculture urbaine : une agriculture juridiquement comme les autres?
2019
International audience; En plein essor, l'agriculture urbaine se présente comme un défi pour le droit agricole, construit sur un paradigme géographique et sociologique : la ruralité. Dès lors, comment saisir juridiquement ces nouveaux projets productifs, aux formes variées et aux modèles économiques souvent hybrides ? Est-ce aux acteurs urbains de s'adapter à des règles venues d'ailleurs, ou au droit de se tordre pour accompagner le mouvement d'une agriculture des villes, qui questionne celle des champs ?
The profession’s proposals to the minister to prepare for climate change: what contributions from research to the strategy presented by the professio…
2021
L'activité dépressionnaire et anticyclonique hivernale des moyennes latitudes du Pacifique Nord
2007
Using a new automated scheme, synoptic mid-latitudes cyclone and anticyclone trajectories have been constructed over the North Pacific from daily sea level pressure (SLP) data, covering the period 1950-2001. Over the North-Eastern Pacific, the strength of anticyclones diminished and their frequency became more variable, while cyclones intensified and presented further southerly trajectories since the mid-1970s. Thus, cyclonic and anticyclonic activities are significantly anti-correlated. These transient activity changes averaged out into anomalously low winter mean SLP in the Aleutian Low region, consistent with the positive phase of the North Pacific Oscillation, inducing positive sea surf…
A quoi pourrait ressembler la filière vigne et vin française en 2050 ? Une mobilisation concertée pour répondre à cet enjeu
2019
Tropical Temperate Toughs over southern Africa : mechanisms and evolution in response to climate change (2010-2099)
2014
In the Southern Hemisphere, Southern Africa and the south-west Indian Ocean are one of the three preferred regions where interactions between the tropics and midlatitudes develop. This is the South Indian Convergence Zone (SICZ), where northwest-southeast oriented cloud bands form at the synoptic scale (between 3 and 5 days). These bands are mainly found during the austral summer and are commonly referred to as tropical temperate troughs (TTTs). This research aims at improving our knowledge related to TTTs, with a study on the dynamics associated with these systems, and an analysis of their possible evolution during the 21st century.The first part of this thesis aims at identifying favorabl…
Sécheresse et inconfort thermique : Le changement climatique se fait ressentir
2023
Biodiversité, rendements agricoles, élevage, pêche… Rien n’est épargné par le changement climatique. Zoom sur deux effets en passe de devenir tristement familiers.
Erosion en milieu sableux cultivé au Niger : dynamique actuelle et passée en liaison avec la pression anthropique et les changements climatiques
2011
Sahelian ecosystems, especially those installed on sandy soils react very quickly and intensely to small climatic changes. In this semi-arid area, wind erosion which occurs mainly on cultivated millet fields and is threatening the sustainable use of land resources. Furthermore, the rapid population growth and the severe droughts of the twentieth century have had important impacts on ecosystems. To better manage this fragile environment, it is important first to understand how it works. This thesis was included in the framework of the AMMA project (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) and was in the heart of a CORUS 2 (Coopération pour la Recherche Universitaire et Scientifique) progr…
Climate change impacts on phytosanitary risk evolution in north-eastern France vineyards : observations and modeling : The case of powdery mildew
2021
From now on, agriculture must adapt and anticipate climate change, whose impact has already been observed on the biology of crops and their production. Beyond plants, this climate change also impacts pathogen development and therefore host/pathogen interactions. Thus, building adaptation strategies requires considering not only the crops but also the organisms with which they interact.The objective of this thesis is to characterize the impact of climate change on the phytosanitary risk related to grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in the wine regions of Burgundy and Champagne. More particularly, it questions two central aspects related to the epidemic risk: the grapevine sensitive …