Search results for "Changements"
showing 10 items of 26 documents
Le paysage, entre esthétique & écologie : modélisation rétrospective à partir de changements d'occupation du sol
2016
Landscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales areusually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clashor combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively usingspatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over th…
Erosion des sols viticoles et adaptation aux changements : vulnérabilité, diagnostic et stratégie d'adaptation. De l’adaptation des pratiques à la ré…
2018
International audience
Retrievals of soil moisture and optical depth from CAROLS
2011
International audience; We propose in this paper to evaluate a method to retrieve soil moisture (SM) and vegetation optical thickness, in areas of unknown roughness and unknown vegetation water content in view of operational applications, by using airborne Tb measurements acquired in South-West of France. Results are compared to in situ measurements, manual and automatic ones included in SMOSmania network, in the South-West of France.
Fluctuations climatiques récentes en Arctique: l'exemple au Spitsberg occidental
2016
International audience; L' Arctique est indiscutablement reconnu comme la région du globe la plus affec-tée par le réchauffement climatique récent (IPCC, 2013). Si l’impact de ce changement est visible dans les différents systèmes et écosystèmes de l’Arctique (Hagen et al., 2003 ; Kholer et al., 2007) , les rétroactions sur le climat des hautes latitudes de l’hémisphère nord néces-sitent d’être prises en compte pour comprendre plus globalement le climat mondial. Même si des différences existent entre les projections issues des différents modèles climatiques, ces dernières s’accordent toutes sur une augmentation de la température de l’air et des hauteurs de précipitations dans l’Arctique (IP…
Climats tropicaux d'aujourd'hui à demain : variabilité et changements
2008
Present and future tropical climates : their climate variability and their climate changes The oriffttality of tropical climates is re-examined under the light of climate variability and climate change, both present and future . The interannual variability of rainfall is on average larger in the tropics than in the extra-tropics, but it is also spatially more contrasted. Human communities have often responded to this constraint through efficient coping strategies. The regions showing the most variable climate do not necessarily have lower population densities, an indication that in the long run variability is not decisive. However, the recent demographic growth of these regions is often low…
Impacts of Integrated Weed management in cropping systems on N2O emissions from soils
2014
International audience
Processus écologiques et évolutifs influençant la colonisation de l'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise (Ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) en France.
2012
Understanding of the mechanisms behind the success of the invasive species is essential to manage current biological invasions and to prevent the risks of the futures ones. Using a conceptual framework integrating ecological and evolutionary processes, this work aimed to analyse the factors of the common ragweed colonization in France. First of all, the study of biotic and abiotic interactions has shown the ability of common ragweed to tolerate herbivory and water stress. Common ragweed is able to buffer defoliation through an efficient compensatory growth with no consequence on the reproduction. Herbivory tolerance has been maintained in introduced populations even if herbivory pressure is…
Réponse des interactions plante-sol aux régimes de précipitations
2018
Water availability governs terrestrial nutrient cycles by impacting the functioning of both plants and of soil microorganisms. The predicted changes in precipitation patterns (i.e. the magnitude and frequency of precipitation events) associated with climate change, will thus likely have important consequences on ecosystem functioning. Dry and seasonally dry ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to changes in precipitation patterns, as they are already constrained to a large extent by water availability. However, more mesic systems may also experience dry periods that may impact plant-soil functions. In this thesis, experiments in soil-only systems and plant-soil systems were used to gain i…
Communication et intelligence du social
2014
National audience
Management et communication
2010
National audience