Search results for "Chloride"
showing 10 items of 1691 documents
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement Is Not Useful for Predicting the Response to Inhaled Corticosteroids in Subjects With Chronic Cough
2009
Background Increased concentrations of exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) are identified predominantly in subjects with chronic cough due to conditions that habitually respond well to therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of ENO in predicting the response to ICS therapy in subjects with chronic cough and to determine the relationship between either methacholine or adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) responsiveness and the response to ICS therapy. Methods A total of 43 patients with chronic cough were studied. During the baseline period, ENO measurement, spirometry, and concentration-response studies with both methacholine and AMP were performed…
The Lack of the Bronchoprotective and Not the Bronchodilatory Ability of Deep Inspiration Is Associated with Airway Hyperresponsiveness
2001
In healthy subjects, deep inspiration (DI) acts both as a bronchodilator and a bronchoprotector. The latter is impaired in asthmatics. We have now evaluated whether the lack of bronchoprotection is related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and whether the bronchodilatory effect is also lost in asthmatics. Ten healthy subjects (PC20 > 75 mg/ml), 12 asthmatics with moderate to severe BHR (PC20 < 1 mg/ml), 14 asthmatics with mild to borderline BHR (1 < PC20 < 25 mg/ml), and 10 rhinitics with mild to borderline BHR (1 < PC20 < 25 mg/ml) underwent single-dose methacholine provocations inducing at least 20% reduction in FEV1 after 20 min of DI inhibition. To measure the bronchodilatory effe…
Differences in sensitivity, maximal response and position of the concentration-response curve to methacholine between asthmatics, patients with aller…
1998
The aim of this study was to detect differences in maximal response and position of the concentration-response curves to methacholine between asthmatics and subjects with allergic rhinitis. A total of 228 adults (107 mild asthmatics, 96 allergic rhinitics and 25 healthy control subjects) were challenged with methacholine. The test was interrupted when FEV1 dropped by more than 40% or when the highest concentration of methacholine (200 mg ml-1) had been administered. Concentration-response curves were characterized by their PC20 (concentration of methacholine that produced 20% fall in FEV1 = airway sensitivity), and if possible, by their EC50 (concentration of methacholine that produced 50% …
Vasopressin receptors involved in adrenergic neurotransmission in the circular muscle of the human vas deferens
1998
We studied the effects of vasopressin on the adrenergic responses of in vitro preparations of circular muscle from the vas deferens obtained from 28 men undergoing elective vasectomy. Vasopressin (3 x 10(-9)-3 x 10(-8) M) enhanced the phasic contractions elicited by electrical field stimulation and noradrenaline. This potentiation was blocked by the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)vasopressin (10(-6) M) but not by the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist [d(CH2)5, D-Ile2,Ile4,Arg8]vasopressin (10(-6) M). The Ca2+ antagonist nifedipine (10(-6) M) did not affect the potentiation of electrical field stimulation induced by vasopressin and noradrenaline but reduced KCl-induced con…
The impact of mastication, salivation and food bolus formation on salt release during bread consumption
2014
Health authorities recommend higher fibre and lower salt content in bread products. However, these basic ingredients of bread composition are multifunctional, and important changes in their content influence the texture, flavour and acceptability of the product. This study was designed to investigate the link between oral processing, bolus formation and sodium release during the consumption of four different breads that varied in composition and structure. Chewing behaviour was determined by surface electromyography, and salivation was quantified from the water content of the boluses collected. The kinetics of bread degradation during food bolus formation was characterised by measuring the …
Melperone is an Inhibitor of the CYP2D6 Catalyzed O-demethylation of Venlafaxine
2003
INTRODUCTION Melperone, a butyrophenone neuroleptic, is frequently used for its sleep-inducing properties. Despite its common use for more than 30 years, it is not yet characterized regarding its effects on cytochrome P450 s (CYPs). In an open pilot study, effects of melperone on the steady-state blood levels of venlafaxine, a recently introduced serotonin- and noradrenaline reuptake inhibiting antidepressant, were assessed. METHODS The dose-corrected serum concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were analyzed retrospectively in a therapeutic drug-monitoring (TDM) database comprising 94 patients. In addition, three patients received venlafaxine and melperone concomitantly a…
In vivo sodium release and saltiness perception in solid lipoprotein matrices. 2. Impact of oral parameters
2012
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between sodium release, saltiness, and oral parameters during the eating of lipoprotein matrices (LPM). Sodium release and saltiness relative to 10 LPM were recorded during normal mastication by five subjects with differing oral parameters (chewing efficiency and salivary flow rate). The LPM samples varied in composition (dry matter, fat, salt, and pH levels) and represented a broad range of hardness. Mastication was recorded using electromyography simultaneously with sensory assessment. Differences in chewing behavior could explain most of the variability in sodium release and saltiness among subjects. Subjects with a higher chewing force a…
Combined heterogeneous distribution of salt and aroma in food enhances salt perception
2015
Aroma–taste interactions and heterogeneous spatial distribution of tastants were used as strategies for taste enhancement. This study investigated the combination of these two strategies through the effect of heterogeneous salt and aroma distribution on saltiness enhancement and consumer liking for hot snacks. Four-layered cream-based products were designed with the same total amount of sodium and ham aroma but varied in their spatial distribution. Unflavoured products containing the same amount of salt and 35% more salt were used as references. A consumer panel (n = 82) rated the intensity of salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami tastes as well as ham and cheese aroma intensity for each pro…
Endothelium-independent contractions of human cerebral arteries in response to vasopressin.
1990
We studied the effects of vasopressin in isolated segments from branches (500-700 micrograms in external diameter) of human middle cerebral arteries obtained during autopsy of 15 patients who had died 3-8 hours before. Paired segments, one normal and the other de-endothelized by gentle rubbing, were mounted for isometric recording of tension in organ baths. In 11 normal segments, vasopressin produced concentration-dependent contractions with an EC50 of 7.0 X 10(-10) M. Removal of the endothelium from 12 segments did not significantly affect vasopressin-induced contractions. Vasopressin produced further contractions in arterial segments with (n = 4) or without (n = 5) endothelium precontract…
Randomized controlled study of early medication change for non-improvers to antidepressant therapy in major depression – The EMC trial
2015
Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and no improvement after two weeks of antidepressant pharmacotherapy have a high risk of treatment failure. The aim of the study was to determine whether an early medication change (EMC) strategy is superior to a guideline-based treatment in MDD patients without improvement after two weeks of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Eight-hundred-and-eighty-nine patients with MDD were enrolled, 879 patients received the SSRI escitalopram. Of those, 192 patients had no improvement, defined as a reduction of < 20% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) after 14 days of treatment, and were randomly assigned to open treatment with the EMC strategy…