Search results for "Chloroplast Dna"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
Evidence for the Existence of a Pseudogene for the Large Subunit of Rubisco within the Chloroplast DNA of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies)
1998
Many hundreds of genes are involved in the synthesis, maintenance and degradation of chloroplasts. Although quite a number of these genes are located in the chloroplast genome, by far the greater proportion is present in the nuclear genome. The sizes of chloroplast DNAs (cpDNA) were estimated from restriction enzyme mapping studies and the complete sequences of different cpDNAs from diverse plant lineages have been determined to date (Marchantia polymorpha [1], Nicotiana tabacum [2], Oryza saliva [3], Epifagus virginiana [4], Euglena gracilis [5], Pinus thunbergii [6], Porphyra purpurea [7], Odontella sinensis [8], Zea mays [9], Chlorella vulgaris [10]).
Chloroplast DNA and isozyme evidence on the evolution ofSenecio vulgaris (Asteraceae)
1997
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and isozyme variation were analyzed over a range of populations of two infraspecific taxa of the tetraploidSenecio vulgaris. The isozyme data were supportive of the hypothesis that the weedy and cosmopolitanS. vulgaris var.vulgaris is an evolutionary derivative ofS. vulgaris subsp.denticulatus from the coasts of W Europe and montane altitudes in S Spain and Sicily. The two taxa exhibited a very high genetic identity with subsp.denticulatus containing slightly more isozyme diversity than was found in var.vulgaris. — Three cpDNA haplotypes (A, B, C) already known from other Mediterranean diploid species ofSenecio were resolved in var.vulgaris, and an additional fourth …
Balanced Gene Losses, Duplications and Intensive Rearrangements Led to an Unusual Regularly Sized Genome in Arbutus unedo Chloroplasts
2013
Completely sequenced plastomes provide a valuable source of information about the duplication, loss, and transfer events of chloroplast genes and phylogenetic data for resolving relationships among major groups of plants. Moreover, they can also be useful for exploiting chloroplast genetic engineering technology. Ericales account for approximately six per cent of eudicot diversity with 11,545 species from which only three complete plastome sequences are currently available. With the aim of increasing the number of ericalean complete plastome sequences, and to open new perspectives in understanding Mediterranean plant adaptations, a genomic study on the basis of the complete chloroplast geno…
Reticulation or divergence: the origin of a rare serpentine endemic assessed with chloroplast, nuclear and RAPD markers
2002
Species of Armeria from the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula have been postulated to undergo extensive reticulate evolution based on ITS sequences as well as morphometric, eco-geographical evidence and crossing experiments. The hypothesis that a rare serpentine endemic (A. villosa subsp. carratracensis) originated from a cross between another serpentine tolerant endemic (A. colorata) and a widespread limestone species (A. villosa subsp. longiaristata) is tested with molecular markers. Sequences from two chloroplast regions [trnL (UAA)-trnF (GAA) and trnD (GUC)-trnT (GGU)], from nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 + 5.8S + ITS-2) as well as RAPD data are used. Variation in chloroplast and nuc…
Genetic diversity of Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) and cpDNA
2010
We have utilized Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) in conjunction with chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence data to study the genetic diversity in 53 accessions of Dioscorea dumetorum from six countries in West and Central Africa. Our results provide a comparison of the two marker systems with regards to their applicability to differentiate intraspecific genotypes and the grouping of the accessions based on localities of collection. A total of 1052 AFLP fragments (of which 94.1% were polymorphic) produced from twelve primer combinations indicate a relatively high level of polymorphism among the accessions. Three major genetic groups that do not strictly follow a geographic distribu…
Nuclear and chloroplast DNA variation in Cephalaria squamiflora (Dipsacaceae), a disjunct Mediterranean species
2009
Cephalaria squamiflora is a chamaephyte restricted to rupicolous habitats in islands of the Western (Balearic Islands, Sardinia) and Eastern Mediterranean (Crete and few Aegean islands). Four narrowly distributed races (subspp. squamiflora, mediterranea, ebusitana, balearica) have been described to encompass the morphological variation within the species. We have used nuclear ribosomal ITS and cpDNA sequences to assess how the patterns of molecular differentiation are related to taxonomic and geographic boundaries. Extensive intragenomic ITS variation was detected in samples from all territories, the average sequence divergence among cloned ribotypes was 1.339%. The parsimony network of clo…
Chloroplast DNA and isozyme analysis of the progenitor-derivative species relationship between Senecio nebrodensis and S. viscosus (Asteraceae )
1995
A comparison of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and isozyme diversity in Senecio nebrodensis L., a species restricted to certain mountain ranges in Spain, and S. viscosus L., a widespread ruderal species in Europe, revealed that S. viscosus possessed the more common of two cpDNA haplotypes resolved in S. nebrodensis and contained only a small subset of the alleles found in S. nebrodensis at enzyme coding loci. The two species shared one restriction length mutation and one site mutation in their cpDNA, which distinguished them from other European Senecio species examined previously. Taken overall, these results support the hypothesis that S. nebrodensis and S. viscosus are related as a progenitor-de…
Fragmentation-related patterns of genetic differentiation in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at two hierarchical scales
2016
Populations at species' range margins are expected to show lower genetic diversity than populations at the core of the range. Yet, long-lived, widespread tree species are expected to be resistant to genetic impoverishment, thus showing comparatively high genetic diversity within populations and low differentiation among populations. Here, we study the distribution of genetic variation in the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at its range margin in Finland at two hierarchical scales using 15 microsatellite loci. At a regional scale, we compared variation within versus among three oak populations. At a landscape scale, we examined genetic structuring within one of these populations, growing …
Chloroplast DNA evidence for introgression and long distance dispersal in the desert annualSenecio flavus (Asteraceae)
1995
Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site variation supports a close genetic relationship between the Southwest AsianSenecio flavus subsp.breviflorus and the North AmericanS. mohavensis. The intercontinental disjunct distribution of these two desert annuals may have originated via long distance dispersal. The chloroplast genomes of the Southern and North AfricanS. flavus subsp.flavus and subsp.breviflorus differ by at least ten restriction sites, while at most two restriction sites differentiate the cpDNA genomes of subsp.breviflorus and the outgroupS. squalidus. This suggests that the cpDNA genome ofS. flavus subsp.breviflorus may have resulted from introgression an…
A Rapid Method for Amplification of Plastome DNA-Fragments from Spinacia oleracea by PCR
1993
Summary Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used as a very powerful technique to amplify DNA-fragments. Isolated chloroplasts and a crude suspension of small leaf pieces of Spinacia oleracea were osmotically shocked and subsequently heated. Aliquots of the resulting homogenate including the organelle DNA were directly added to basic reaction mixtures to carry out PCR without additional isolation- or purification steps. A 180 by DNA-fragment from the psbA-gene was amplified in both cases. In parallel, plasmid-DNA (pHT1) bearing the psbA-gene was subjected to PCR retaining unchanged reaction conditions. Identical DNA-fragments were obtained, as the following sequencing revealed. With the meth…