Search results for "Choice"
showing 10 items of 795 documents
Hedonic message or nutritional message: Which one works?
2019
Eating is not just about incorporating foods or nutrients. Eating or feeding is both a symbolic and social act that is part of a family, a history and a society. This is an essential act which contributes to social identity and to alterity, and which is a vector of pleasure and commensality. However, eating becomes a source of worries because of the conflicting messages and unrealistic injunctions broadcasted through paper press and Internet web sites that lead to misunderstandings and confusions in the mind of the eaters. Moreover, the pleasure of eating is demonized and stigmatized in favor of rational messages highlighting the nutritional values of "healthy" foods to be favored. However,…
Genetic basis of STEM occupational choice and regional economic performance : a UK biobank genome-wide association study
2023
Abstract Background Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals are regarded as the highly skilled labor force that fosters economic productivity, enterprise innovation, and international competitiveness of a country. This study aims to understand the genetic predisposition to STEM occupations and investigate its associations with regional economic performance. We conducted a genome-wide association study on the occupational choice of STEM jobs based on a sample of 178,976 participants from the UK Biobank database. Results We identified two genetic loci significantly associated with participants’ STEM job choices: rs10048736 on chromosome 2 and rs12903858 on chrom…
Third year IB high school students' perceptions on the international baccalaureate diploma programme: internationalisation, English medium instructio…
2014
Tämän kvalitatiivisen tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää viimeisen vuosikurssin käyneiden IB-lukiolaisten käsityksiä opiskelusta suomalaisessa IB-lukiossa. Aineiston keruussa käytettiin puolistrukturoituja teemahaastatteluja, ja tutkimusta varten haastateltiin seitsemää suomalaisen IB-lukion oppilasta. Tutkimuskysymykset koostuivat seuraavista aihealueista: IB-lukioon hakeminen ja koulutuksen rakenne, IB-opiskelijaprofiili, englannin kielen rooli koulutuksessa, jatkokoulutus- ja uraodotukset sekä kansainvälisyys. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että suomalaiset IB-lukiolaiset kokevat jo kouluaikana olevansa hyvin kansainvälisesti suuntautuneita. He pitävät opiskelua englannin kielellä tärkeä…
Drosophila adult and larval pheromones modulate larval food choice
2014
Insects use chemosensory cues to feed and mate. In Drosophila , the effect of pheromones has been extensively investigated in adults, but rarely in larvae. The colonization of natural food sources by Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila simulans species may depend on species-specific chemical cues left in the food by larvae and adults. We identified such chemicals in both species and measured their influence on larval food preference and puparation behaviour. We also tested compounds that varied between these species: (i) two larval volatile compounds: hydroxy-3-butanone-2 and phenol (predominant in D. simulans and D. buzzatii , respectively), and (ii) adult cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs). Dro…
Understanding physiological and physicochemical influences on in-mouth aroma release from yogurts using mechanistic modelling
2008
International audience; On the basis of a first mechanistic model predicting aroma release in the oropharynx during food consumption, the aim of the present work was to improve its accuracy and to use it to identify the main mechanisms responsible for in-mouth aroma release. Comparison between predicted release kinetics and the ones measured by APCI-MS in the nasal cavity of subjects eating flavoured yogurt highlighted the reasonably accurate time predictions of the relative aroma concentration in the nasal cavity and the model ability to simulate successive swallowing events as well as partial velopharyngeal closure. Parameters identified as the most influent for in-vivo aroma release were…
Choose as many as you wish: Consumer satisfaction and purchase rate increase when choice from large assortments is flexible as opposed to constrained
2020
Five studies across a range of domains show that consumers who can choose as many alternatives as they wish (“flexible choice”), report more positive affective states and purchase more than those who have to choose a pre-defined quantity of products (“constrained” choice). The benefits of choice “flexibility” are stronger in large than small assortments, and are replicated in field and laboratory settings: when people chose cookies after a meal in a restaurant, possible dating partners on a simulated dating website, energy bars from descriptions, and soaps for personal use. The findings have theoretical implications for advancing choice-overload research, as well as practical implications f…
Copulation duration, but not paternity share, potentially mediates inbreeding avoidance in Drosophila montana
2014
Studying the incidence of inbreeding avoidance is important for understanding the evolution of mating systems, especially in the context of mate choice for genetic compatibility. We investigated whether inbreeding avoidance mechanisms have evolved in the malt fly, Drosophila montana, by measuring mating latency (a measure of male attractiveness), copulation duration, days to remating, offspring production, and the proportion of offspring sired by the first (P1) and second (P2) male to mate in full-sibling and unrelated pairs. SNP markers were used for paternity analysis and for calculating pairwise relatedness values (genotype sharing) between mating pairs. We found 18 % inbreeding depressi…
The effect of an eco-label on the booking decisions of air passengers
2022
In the last few years there has been an increasing attempt to find solutions on how to mitigate the environmental impacts of air travel. Behavioral change has hereby been identified as the measure with the most significant impact. One way to encourage behavioral change is the use of eco-labels. Eco-labels have, to date, received scant attention in the aviation industry, and their effect on air travel behavior is still largely unknown. This study explores the effect of an eco-label on the booking decisions of passengers. We conduct a stated choice experiment with 553 air passengers. Our findings show that providing passengers with an eco-label leads to behavioral change, as the label makes t…
CHOICE ARCHITECTURE AS A BASIS FOR PENSION SAVINGS DECISIONS
2022
The research was supported by the NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMME “LATVIAN HERITAGE AND FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE STATE” project “CHALLENGES FOR THE LATVIAN STATE AND SOCIETY AND THE SOLUTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT" (INTERFRAME-LV, Project No.VPP-IZM-2018/1-0005).
Female-female aggression and female mate choice on black grouse leks.
2000
We studied female-female aggression in relation to female mate choice in black grouse, Tetrao tetrix, in central Finland, in 1994-1998. Aggression occurred on average every other minute when there was more than one female on a territory, and aggressive behaviour was most prominent when several females attended the lek. Interactions tended to be proportionally most frequent on the territories of the highest-ranking males, although not significantly so. Females that were chased by other females did not mate with lower-ranking males than their aggressors did. Furthermore, chased females were only rarely (6% of cases) forced to move off the territory by agonistic interactions and copulations we…