Search results for "Cholesterol"
showing 10 items of 1211 documents
Lipid triad or atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a role in cardiovascular prevention?
2005
The term "lipid triad" or "atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype" has been introduced to describe a common form of dyslipidemia, characterized by three lipid abnormalities: increased plasma triglyceride levels, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the presence of small, dense LDL particles. It has been suggested that the clinical importance of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype probably exceeds that of LDL-cholesterol, because many more patients with coronary artery disease are found to have this trait than hypercholesterolaemia. There is a body of evidence that therapies effective against plasma HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with a strong reduction of cardiovascul…
Tratamiento integral de la dislipidemia diabética: beneficios y nuevas alternativas terapéuticas
2010
Diabetic dyslipidemia, characterized by the lipid triad (elevated plasma triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and predominance of small, dense LDL particles), is a significant contributor to the elevated cardiovascular risk of type 2 diabetic patients. Statin monotherapy has shown, in different prospective trials, significant reductions in cardiovascular events and mortality. However, the residual risk in these subjects remains elevated, probably due to the incomplete control of diabetic dyslipidemia. In this review we discuss the global therapeutic approach, underlying the need of combining statins with agents that more effective in reducing triglycerides and elevating HDL cholesterol, even …
Update on the role of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in cardiovascular prevention
2009
Higher plasma triglyceride levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations are usually accompanied by the presence of small, dense LDL in the so-called lipid triad or ‘atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype’. This phenotype is highly atherogenic and its prevalence may suggest an even higher overall burden of atherosclerotic disease as compared with that associated with hypercholesterolemia. As stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, there is evidence suggesting each component of this lipid triad is individually atherogenic. However, the relative contribution of each component cannot be easily determined. Therefore, it has been suggested to consider th…
Should we measure routinely the LDL peak particle size?
2004
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) do not show in humans a normal distribution and comprise two different main fractions: large, buoyant (phenotype pattern A) and small, dense (phenotype pattern B) particles, that differ not only in size and density but also in physicochemical composition, metabolic behaviour and atherogenicity. The prevalence of small, dense LDL changes with age (30-35% in adult men, 5-10% in men <20 years and in pre-menopausal women, 15-25% in postmenopausal women) and is genetically influenced, with a heritability ranging from 35% to 45%. Small, dense LDL correlate negatively with plasma HDL levels and positively with plasma triglyceride levels and are associated with the me…
Analysis of radiolucent gallstones by computed tomography for in vivo estimation of stone components.
1990
. Successful oral litholytic and other non-operative therapies of gallstones require exact determination of the stone components. Since computed tomography (CT) provides highly sensitive measurement of density, we performed a study to evaluate whether CT measurement of stone density allows a prediction of the composition of radiolucent gallstones. Twenty-eight patients presenting with 29 radiolucent gallbladder (n= 17) or common bile duct stones (n=12) were included. Prior to operative or endo-scopic therapy the attenuation values (Hounsfield Units, HU) were assessed in vivo by CT under standardized conditions (Somatom II, 125 KV, 130 mAs). After surgical or endoscopic stone removal the con…
Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart diseas…
2013
AIMS: The first aim was to critically evaluate the extent to which familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The second aim was to provide guidance for screening and treatment of FH, in order to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD).METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the theoretical estimated prevalence of 1/500 for heterozygous FH, <1% are diagnosed in most countries. Recently, direct screening in a Northern European general population diagnosed approximately 1/200 with heterozygous FH. All reported studies document failure to achieve recommended LDL cholesterol targets in a large proportion of individuals with FH, and up to 13-fold increased risk of CHD. Based on prev…
Statin intolerance: new data and further options for treatment
2021
Purpose of review Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Administration of statins represents the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, with demonstrated long-term safety and efficacy. This review aims to revisit statin intolerance mechanisms, as well as to discuss new data and therapeutic options. Recent findings Although statins are well tolerated, myopathy and other adverse effects are a challenging problem, being the main reason for poor adherence to treatment and failure in lowering cardiovascular risk. Statin intolerance is the subject of ongoing research, as these drugs are widely used. There are alternative options o…
The effect of ezetimibe on NAFLD
2015
NAFLD has become the most common liver disorder in countries, where obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are common. The strong association between these conditions and the risk of cardiovascular disease make treatment crucial. Possible interventions for NAFLD target excess body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress or intestinal lipid absorption. Administration of combination therapy with a statin plus ezetimibe, associated with lifestyle changes, may represent an effective strategy because of the strong reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Combination therapy is often more effective, especially when complementary …
An Update on the Role of the Quality of LDL in Cardiovascular Risk:The Contribution of the Universities of Palermo and Zurich
2007
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) size seems to be an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease and the predominance of small dense LDL have been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. We recently showed increased LDL size or higher levels of small, dense LDL in different categories of patients at higher cardiovascular risk, such as those with coronary (including acute myocardial infarction) and non-coronary (including carotid disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and peripheral arterial disease) forms of atherosclerosis or metabolic diseases (including type-II diabet…
Who needs to care about small, dense low-density lipoproteins?
2007
Summary Background: Increasing evidence suggest that the ‘quality’ rather than only the ‘quantity’ of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) exerts a great influence on the cardiovascular risk. Small, dense LDL seem to be an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and their predominance has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Discussion: Some studies showed in past years that small, dense LDL are usually elevated in patients at very high cardiovascular risk, such as those with CAD and type 2 diabetes. More recently elevated levels of these particles hav…