Search results for "Choline"
showing 10 items of 1138 documents
Endothelium-dependent responses in human isolated thyroid arteries from donors
2004
The functional properties of the endothelium of human thyroid arteries remain unexplored. We investigated the intervention of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in the responses to acetylcholine and noradrenaline in isolated thyroid arteries obtained from multi-organ donors. Artery rings were suspended in organ baths for isometric recording of tension. The contribution of NO, PGI(2) and EDHF to endothelium-dependent relaxation was determined by the inhibitory effects of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), indomethacin, and K(+) channel inhibitors respectively. Acetylcholine induced concentration-dependent relaxation; this effect w…
Tolerance to nitroglycerin-induced preconditioning of the endothelium: a human in vivo study
2009
Damage and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium critically influence clinical outcomes after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Brief exposure to organic nitrates can protect the vascular endothelium from I/R injury via a mechanism that is similar to ischemic preconditioning and is independent of hemodynamic changes. The clinical relevance of these protective effects clearly depends on whether they can be sustained over time. Twenty-four healthy (age 25–32) male volunteers were randomized to receive 1) transdermal nitroglycerin (GTN; 0.6 mg/h) administered for 2 h on 1 day only, 2) transdermal GTN for 2 h/day for 7 days, or 3) continuous therapy with transdermal GTN for 7 days. Eight volunt…
Chemically and electrically induced sweating and flare reaction
2004
Both thin afferent (nociceptors) and efferent (sympathetic sudomotor) nerve fibers can be activated electrically and chemically, resulting in neurogenic erythema and sweating. These reactions have been used before to assess the impairment of sympathetic and nociceptor fibers in humans. In this study, electrically induced sweating and erythema were assessed simultaneously in the foot dorsum and thigh, and were compared to chemically induced activation. Reproducible intensity-response relations (stimulation intensities 0-30 mA, 1 Hz) were obtained from 32 subjects. The steepest increase of the sweat response was induced at lower intensities as compared to that of the erythema (18.3 mA vs. 25.…
Studies on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in essential hypertension.
1982
There is accumulating evidence that acetylcholinesterase (AChE might be involved in the transport of sodium across biological membranes. Consequently, because in primary hypertension abnormalities in the transport of sodium by red blood cells have been documented. AChE activities were measured in hemoglobin-free red-blood-cell membranes of patients with essential hypertension. In the absence of any effectors, the Michaelis constant of AChE for acetylcholine (Km) was 1.57 . 10(-5) mol/l, both in normotensives and in hypertensives. Sodium inhibited AChE at low substrate concentrations, whereas the enzyme was activated by sodium at moderate and high substrate levels. With increasing sodium, th…
Expression of PSA-NCAM and synaptic proteins in the amygdala of psychiatric disorder patients.
2011
Neuroimaging has revealed structural abnormalities in the amygdala of different psychiatric disorders. The polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule related to neuronal structural plasticity, which expression is altered in schizophrenia, major depression and in animal models of these disorders, may participate in these changes. However, PSA-NCAM has not been studied in the human amygdala. To know whether its expression and that of presynaptic markers, was affected in psychiatric disorders, we have analyzed post-mortem sections from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium, which includes controls, schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression patients. PSA-NCAM was expr…
Tourniquet-induced changes of energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle monitored by microdialysis.
2001
Background Tourniquets are often used as part of orthopedic surgery but may cause local and remote organ injury. The authors hypothesized that the procedures used to induce ischemia (circulatory occlusion or exsanguination) may have differential effects on the metabolic state of the muscle that should be reflected in the interstitial levels of metabolites. Methods Microdialysis probes were implanted in both quadriceps femoris muscles of 18 patients. Interstitial fluid was obtained during tourniquet-induced ischemia and reperfusion and was analyzed for glucose, lactate, choline, and purines by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results At a flow rate of 2 microl/min, the average baseli…
A comparison study of moclobemide and doxepin in major depression with special reference to effects on sexual dysfunction
1993
A double-blind parallel-group comparison study of moclobemide versus doxepin in 237 patients with major depression confirmed that moclobemide was equal in efficacy and better tolerated than doxepin. It was less sedating and caused fewer anticholinergic adverse events as measured by the UKU side-effect rating scale. Unexpectedly, moclobemide therapy more often than doxepin resulted in increased sexual desire. An exploratory analysis of UKU-measured symptoms of impaired sexual function prior to commencement of the study revealed that moclobemide more often than doxepin led to an improvement of reduced libido and impaired erection, ejaculation and orgasm. This finding is compatible with the as…
Differential Effects of Dry Eye Disorders on Metabolomic Profile by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
2014
We used1H NMR spectroscopy to analyze the metabolomic profile of reflex tears from patients with dry eye disorders (DEDs). 90 subjects were divided into 2 groups: (1) patients with DEDs (DEDG;n = 55) and (2) healthy subjects (CG;n = 35). Additionally, the DEDG was subdivided into 2 subgroups based on DED severity: mild-to-moderate and moderate (n = 22andn = 33, resp.). Personal interviews and systematized ophthalmologic examinations were carried out. Reflex tears (20–30 μL) were collected by gently rubbing in the inferior meniscus of both eyelids with a microglass pipette and stored at −80°C until analysis. NMR spectra were acquired using a standard one-dimensional pulse sequence with water…
Effects of exercise training on airway closure in asthmatics
2012
We previously reported that responsiveness to methacholine (Mch) in the absence of deep inspiration (DI) decreased in healthy subjects after a short course of exercise training. We assessed whether a similar beneficial effect of exercise on airway responsiveness could occur in asthmatics. Nine patients (male/female: 3/6; mean age ± SD: 24 ± 2 yr) with mild untreated asthma [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 100 ± 7.4% pred; FEV1/vital capacity (VC): 90 ± 6.5%] underwent a series of single-dose Mch bronchoprovocations in the absence of DI in the course of a 10-wk training rowing program (6 h/wk of submaximal and maximal exercise), at baseline ( week 0), and at week 5 and 10. The singl…
Retracted: Do patients profit from physostigmine in recovery from desflurane anaesthesia?
2007
Background: Physostigmine is the drug of choice in the central anticholinergic syndrome, but has also been used in post-operative mental derangement secondary to sedatives and volatile anaesthetics. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, prospective study was to determine whether physostigmine alters recovery after desflurane anaesthesia. Methods: One hundred patients undergoing urologic or surgical procedures were enrolled to receive either NaCl 0.9% (n= 50) or 2 mg of physostigmine (n= 50) at the end of general anaesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, cisatracurium and desflurane. Times to extubation, stating name, birthday and place of residence, and obeying commands such as eye opening…