Search results for "Citologia"

Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Fertilization and Embryo Development in the Arbacia lixula Sea Urchin

2022

To date, drugs released into the aquatic environment are a real problem, and among antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole is the one most widely found in wastewater; thus, the evaluation of its toxicity on marine organisms is very important. This study, for the first time, investigates the in vitro effects of 4 concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 50 mg/L) on the fertilization and development of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. The gametes were exposed to drugs in three different stages: simultaneously with, prior to, and post-fertilization. The results show a significant reduction in the percentage of fertilized oocytes at the highest drug concentrations. Moreover, an incr…

AQUATIC ACOUSTIC NOISE: BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES IN ECHINODERMS, THE CASE OF A. LIXULA (LINNAEUS, 1758) SEA URCHINS

2018

Anthropic noise is considered a real pollutant, in particular the submarine noise. The impact on biodiversity is not yet sufficiently understood. Further research is needed to evaluate any negative effects. The noises associated with anthropogenic activities are increasing: shipments, seismic surveys, sonar, recreational rowing and future mineral extraction activities from ocean depths (DSM). These noises are having an impact on the welfare of many marine species. The understanding of the effects on biodiversity could be important for the creation of guidelines, laws or rules for the most environmentally sustainable exploitation of natural resources. Our study aims to investigate the motili…

Effects of waterg gun on echinoderms: biochemical changes on sea urchin (Arbacia lixula) and sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa)

2019

Sources Airguns and Waterguns are used in seismic exploration the marine seafloor for different purposes such as oil and gas search, or geological-geodynamic reconstruction. In this technique a bubble of compressed air is produced with a consequently production of loud sound wave penetrating the ocean floor. The impact of seismic Airguns was assessed in some cetaceans (Kyhn et al. 2019), fish species and invertebrate (Carroll et al. 2017), but we need to know more. In this study we evaluate the biochemical changes in sea urchin (Arbacia lixula) and sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa) exposed to a 20 minutes of watergun noise (1 pulse each 10 s) at a distance of 50 m. For each species 40 indi…

L'Embriologia della Procreazione Medicalmente Assistita (PMA) in ambito forense

2013

L’EMBRIOLOGIA DELLA PROCREAZIONE MEDICALMENTE ASSISTITA (PMA) IN AMBITO FORENSE CARRA ELENA Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche,Università di Palermo Su incarico dell’Autorità Giudiziaria viene eseguita analisi genetica su embrione umano degenerato e ricostruzione del percorso dei gameti di pazienti sottoposti a PMA presso 4 centri di biologia della riproduzione per evidenziare eventuali irregolarità significative ai sensi della normativa vigente. Trattasi delle prime indagini commissionate sul territorio Nazionale che vedono impegnato il biologo forense in uno dei settori di frontiera della medicina della riproduzione. Con il pronunciamento della Consul…

Gene expression and stress response in sea urchin embryos with skeleton defects caused by magnesium deprivation.

2012

Echinoderms have an extensive endoskeleton composed of magnesian calcite, a form of calcium carbonate that contains small amounts of magnesium carbonate and occluded matrix proteins [1]. In the frame of the Biomintec European Project focused on the understanding of basic biomineralization mechanisms for the design of novel strategies in nano-biotechnology, we studied the effects of magnesium deprivation on Arbacia lixula sea urchin embryo development. Embryos were morphologically monitored, evaluating developmental abnormalities at different endpoints (3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours). In parallel, the spatial transcriptional levels of a skeleton matrix protein (msp130) and the protein synthesis …

Mecanismos moleculares de proliferación y diferenciación durante el desarrollo embrionario del pez medaka (Oryzias latipes)

2010

A lo largo del desarrollo embrionario las células que forman el embrión deben dividirse numerosas veces hasta alcanzar la cantidad celular capaz de asegurar la diferenciación de todos los tejidos y órganos. Por tanto, la correcta regulación de la proliferación y diferenciación celular es fundamental para evitar defectos durante el desarrollo embrionario y la aparición de enfermedades en el individuo adulto. Aprovechando las numerosas ventajas que ofrece el pez Medaka (Oryzias latipes; Ol), hemos estudiado los mecanismos moleculares que regulan la proliferación y diferenciación en los embriones de Medaka en dos momentos distintos del desarrollo, uno temprano durante la segmentación y otro ta…

APOPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF CUMULUS CELLS FOR THE SELECTION OF COMPETENT OOCYTES TO BE FERTILIZED BY INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)

2015

Oocyte quality is one of the main factors for the success of in vitro fertilization protocols. Apoptosis is known to affect oocyte quality and may impair subsequent embryonic development and implantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptosis rate of single and pooled cumulus cells of cumulus cell–oocyte complexes (COCs), as markers of oocyte quality, prior to intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI).We investigated the apoptosis rate by TUNEL assay (DNA fragmentation) and caspase-3 immunoassay of single and pooled cumulus cells of COCs. The results showed that DNA fragmentation in cumulus cells was remarkably lower in patients who achieved a pregnancy than in those who di…

Effect of environmental stress on sea urchin embryos and larvae: from developmental to molecular biology analyses

2010

Extracellulare membrane vesicles as vehicles for cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix functional interactions

2012

Effect of extracellular vesicles from CSF of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls on astrocytes in culture

2017

INTRODUCTION Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV-mediated exchange of molecules among brain cells, under physiological conditions, has been described years ago. At the same time, ability of EVs to transfer proteins and nucleic acids to the surrounding cells, thus modifying their phenotypes, has been clearly demonstrated for tumor cells of different origins, including brain cancers. More recently, involvement of EVs in pathological processes affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS), and their capacity of transferring damaging cargoes have been also suggested. To explore these functions, we exposed primary cultures of astrocytes to EVs isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) …