Search results for "City."
showing 10 items of 12094 documents
Understanding Urban Fabric with the OH_FET model based on Social Use, Space and Time
2008
The proposed principle for understanding the urban fabric is based on considering the town as a set of complex objects, taking a systemic approach. The town system used to study the urban fabric over large time spans is composed of three sub-systems relating to historical objects from the level of the excavation to that of the former urban space: function (social use), space (location, surface area and morphology) and time (dating, duration and chronology). The historical object is the analytical unit of the space studied. It is the Cartesian product of the three sets, Social use, Space and Time, from which it stems. On the basis of this process, the Historical Object (OH) is broken down in…
Hétérogénéité spatiale : principes et méthodes
2004
Spatial Heterogeneity : Principles and Methods This article has a dual purpose . First , it describes the main econometric specifications which can be used to represent spatial heterogeneity , reflected in an instability of parameters in space and / or a heteroscedasticity of error terms . Only the specifications valid in cross-section are examined . Second , it explains the links between spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation , the other major feature of localised data , defined by the absence of independence between geographical observations . In particular , we look at the extent to which traditional tests of heteroscedasticity or instability need to be amended to take account of spat…
Semiotica dello spazio, semiotica della città
2022
The paper will provide an overview of the semiotics of space as it has been investigated in Italy in the last twenty years. After identifying the semiotic relevance in the study of space, the distinction between objectivating and subjectivating conceptions is recalled, stressing how these two kinds of spatiality are such only by virtue of effects of meaning constructed by and in texts. We then examine two macro lines of research on which semiotics has focused: those on spatiality described and constructed in various types of narrative (space in the text) and those on experienced spatiality (space as text). The second part of the contribution is dedicated to a spatial text that, due to its c…
La produzione dello spazio democratico per il soddisfacimento del bene comune
2015
Nella storia della città lo spazio pubblico e le attrezzature collettive rappresentano da sempre luoghi di coesione, interscambio, relazione, condivisione e cooperazione per l’uomo, il quale manifesta il bisogno di abitare un luogo in cui possa relazionarsi con gli altri, formando una comunità ed una vita pubblica. Gli spazi collettivi rappresentano pertanto un beneficio per la comunità, in quanto diaframmi tra la sfera pubblica e la sfera privata, luoghi di uguaglianza e di democrazia, ove si alimenta il 'capitale sociale' e si annulla l’esclusione sociale e spaziale, a favore di un interscambio socio-culturale tra individui diversi. Nelle città globalizzate la disuguaglianza nella distrib…
La pluralità dello spazio pubblico: una analisi ricognitiva nel centro storico di Palermo
2011
La letteratura inerente allo sviluppo urbano moderno e postmoderno, da Michel Foucault a Henri Lefebvre, ha aperto un dibattito in merito alla concezione classica di apertura/accessibilità dello spazio pubblico, evidenziando aspetti quali la esclusione spaziale, la sorveglianza e il controllo sociale, la questione del “diritto alla città”. Si assiste ad una progressiva riduzione o sostituzione dello spazio pubblico – privatizzato, fortificato, commercializzato – di cui risentono in primis i soggetti più deboli e marginali. Talvolta emergono nuove forme di produzione sociale dello spazio, ad esempio tramite riappropriazione informale di “luoghi di scarto”. Il lavoro di ricerca ha focalizzato…
Interspecific information on predation risk affects nest site choice in a passerine bird
2018
Abstract Background Breeding site choice constitutes an important part of the species niche. Nest predation affects breeding site choice, and has been suggested to drive niche segregation and local coexistence of species. Interspecific social information use may, in turn, result in copying or rejection of heterospecific niche characteristics and thus affect realized niche overlap between species. We tested experimentally whether a migratory bird, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, collects information about nest predation risk from indirect cues of predators visiting nests of heterospecific birds. Furthermore, we investigated whether the migratory birds can associate such information w…
CONFLICTING CITIZENSHIP AND (RE)ACTIVE ZONES IN THE URBAN AREAS: CONFRONTING THE CASE OF BERLIN AND ROME
In tempi di crisi, la voglia di immaginare un futuro migliore e diverso prende il sopravvento. A partire dagli sconvolgimenti politici e sociali del '68 passando attraverso le crisi sistemiche del 1970 e ad ogni crisi da allora, le città europee hanno assistito a fenomeni di "riappropriazione" di spazi fisici urbani che sono stati sperimentati da movimenti sociali e volontariamente appropriati poi come pratiche dal basso dagli abitanti delle citta` che hanno utilizzanto la "occupazione" come una tattica legittima di protesta. Le pratiche di riappropriazione, sono state inoltre messe in pratica dalla cittadinanza insorgente, negli ultimi decenni, per resistere alla crisi dello stato sociale …
Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Multi-element Abundance Ratios
2019
We map the trends of elemental abundance ratios across the Galactic disk, spanning R = 3-15 kpc and midplane distance |Z|= 0-2 kpc, for 15 elements in a sample of 20,485 stars measured by the SDSS/APOGEE survey (O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Adopting Mg rather than Fe as our reference element, and separating stars into two populations based on [Fe/Mg], we find that the median trends of [X/Mg] vs. [Mg/H] in each population are nearly independent of location in the Galaxy. The full multi-element cartography can be summarized by combining these nearly universal median sequences with our measured metallicity distribution functions and the relative proportions of the lo…
The Gaia-ESO Survey: impact of extra mixing on C and N abundances of giant stars
2018
The GES survey using FLAMES at the VLT has obtained high-resolution UVES spectra for a large number of giant stars, allowing a determination of the abundances of the key chemical elements C and N at their surface. The surface abundances of these chemical species are well-known to change in stars during their evolution on the red giant branch after the first dredge-up episod, as a result of extra-mixing phenomena. We investigate the effects of thermohaline mixing on C and N abundances using the first comparison between the GES [C/N] determinations with simulations of the observed fields using a model of stellar population synthesis. We explore the effects of thermohaline mixing on the chemic…
Economic Aspects of Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure: User Organization Perspective
2012
Adoption of cloud infrastructure promises enterprises numerous bene- ts, such as faster time-to-market and improved scalability enabled by on-demand provisioning of pooled and shared computing resources. In particular, hybrid clouds, by combining the private in-house capacity with the on-demand capacity of public clouds, promise to achieve both increased utilization rate of the in-house infrastructure and limited use of the more expensive public cloud, thereby lowering the total costs for a cloud user organization. In this paper, an analytical model of hybrid cloud costs is introduced, wherein the costs of computing and data communication are taken into account. Using this model, a cost-e c…