Search results for "Clad"
showing 10 items of 495 documents
From cacti to carnivores: Improved phylotranscriptomic sampling and hierarchical homology inference provide further insight into the evolution of Car…
2017
Premise of the study The Caryophyllales contain ~12,500 species and are known for their cosmopolitan distribution, convergence of trait evolution, and extreme adaptations. Some relationships within the Caryophyllales, like those of many large plant clades, remain unclear, and phylogenetic studies often recover alternative hypotheses. We explore the utility of broad and dense transcriptome sampling across the order for resolving evolutionary relationships in Caryophyllales. Methods We generated 84 transcriptomes and combined these with 224 publicly available transcriptomes to perform a phylogenomic analysis of Caryophyllales. To overcome the computational challenge of ortholog detection in s…
Hand-made paper obtained by green procedure of cladode waste of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. from Sicily
2019
Cellulosic fibres have been obtained by green procedures from the cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill., constituting a large agro industrial waste in our territory. The materials have been analysed for its relative composition, applying, IR and TG methodologies and it was characterised by the absence of lignin. The fibrous material allowed the manufacture of a handmade paper obtaining an ecological material suitable for packaging purposes. The authors evidenced that the simple protocol based on hot water treatment was able to decrease the amount of hemicellulose in the final material.
Phosphorylation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes: regulation of the phosphorylation status of the major phenobarbital inducible cytochromes P-450 i…
1989
We present data showing that the major phenobarbital inducible cytochromes P-450 (cytochrome P-450IIB1 and cytochrome P-450IIB2) were phosphorylated in intact hepatocytes. This phosphorylation was greatly increased by the cAMP derivatives N6-dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-thiomethyl-cAMP mediated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Most importantly the phosphorylation status of cytochromes P-450 was shown to change in the hepatocytes after treatment with glucagon, which is known to increase the level of cAMP in hepatocytes. The observed impact of the hormone glucagon on the phosphorylation of distinct cytochrome P-450 forms in intact hepatocytes reveals the possibility that the enzyme activity of cyt…
The effect of soil volume on the growth of roots and canopy of Opuntia ficus-indica
2019
The influence of soil volume on root development and canopy growth rates of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) was studied at Palermo University, Italy, in 2014-2016. In November 2014, 60 1-year-old O. ficus-indica cladodes were planted in pots containing five different soil volumes, 50, 33, 18, 9 or 5 L, in a complete randomized design with three replications. Root dry mass, total number of cladodes and canopy dry mass were measured after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The results revealed a significant effect of soil volume and sampling time and their interaction (P<0.01) on root dry mass, total number of cladodes and canopy dry mass. Root dry mass ranged between 23 and 206 g, with the highe…
CO2 uptake of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. whole trees and single cladodes, in relation to plant water status and cladode age
2013
Most of net photosynthesis determinations in Opuntia ficus-indica come from measurements on individual cladodes. However, they have limitations when used to scale up to whole canopy gas exchange, because a large variability of carbon assimilation may occur within the canopy, due to, among others, differences in cladode age and intercepted radiation or individual cladode response to abiotic stresses. The aim of this work was to evaluate the application of open gas exchange chambers, simultaneously applied around the whole canopy, to measure net CO 2 uptake, continuously over a 24 h period, in single Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. potted trees and in relation with their water status. Net CO2…
Influence of within-tree and environmental factors on fruit quality of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) in Italy
2010
Introduction . Opuntia ficus-indica fruit quality was studied, in the main sites for cactus pear cultivation in Italy, with the ultimate goal of understanding the main sources of variability and increasing crop value. Materials and methods. A first study was carried out in 2006 on mature Opuntia ficus-indica trees, cvs. Gialla and Rossa, grown in ten commercial orchards located in the main sites for their cultivation in Italy. Trees were managed to produce an out-of-season crop in October, through the removal of the spring flush at bloom time, during the first week of June. Trees had a similar crop [(52 ± 10) kg of fruits·tree–1 ], and no more than six fruits were left on each of the fruiti…
Dry matter accumulation and seasonal partitioning in mature Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruiting trees
2014
Aim of this study was to understand the allocation of biomass into different canopy and root components and to measure the stem area index and its partitioning by cladode functionality (age), for fruiting Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) Gialla trees, spaced 6x5 m apart and trained to a globe. The net primary productivity (NPP), calculated taking into account dry weight gain for above-ground vegetative components of OFI trees was 3.6 t C ha –1 . Including the fruit component and 1 st flush current-year cladodes, NPP of above-ground components becomes 12 t ha –1 , equivalent to 5.4 t C ha –1 . Current-year cladodes were the highest C sink (49% of total annual C fixed in the canopy), secondary grow…
EFFECTS OF THIOBENCARB HERBICIDE TO AN ALGA (NANNOCHLORIS OCULATA) AND THE CLADOCERAN (DAPHNIA MAGNA)
2001
Chronic toxicity studies were conducted with an algae (Nannochloris oculata) and the cladoceran (Daphnia magna) to determine their relative sensitivities to the thiocarbamate herbicide thiobencarb (S-4-chlorobenzyl diethylthiocarbamate). Most of the algal populations were initially affected by exposure to the herbicide. Thiobencarb concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/L significantly reduced algal densities after 24-h exposure. The 24-h static EC50 in D. magna was 3.01 mg/L. The sublethal effects of 0.3, 0.37, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/L of thiobencarb concentrations on the survival, reproduction, and growth of D. magna were monitored for 21 days. The parameters used to determined the effect of th…
THE FRESHWATER CLADOCERA (ORDERS CTENOPODA AND ANOMOPODA) OF MEXICO, WITH COMMENTS ON SELECTED TAXA
1999
AbstractKnowledge of the composition and distribution of the freshwater Cladocera in Mexico is still limited. All the available literature was reviewed and added to our own new records in different states of Mexico to present here a revised and updated list of the 110 species of the orders Ctenopoda and Anomopoda recorded for the country, with separate state records. Ecological, biogeographical, and taxonomic comments are made for selected taxa of the commonest neotropical groups: Sididae, Daphniidae, Bosminidae, Macrothricidae, and Chydoridae. La connaissance de la composition et de la repartition des Cladoceres d'eau douce du Mexique est encore tres limitee. Toute la litterature disponibl…
Cyclic heptapeptides from the soil-derived fungus Clonostachys rosea
2019
Abstract Three new cyclic heptapeptides (1–3) together with three known compounds (4–6) were isolated from a solid rice culture of the soil-derived fungus Clonostachys rosea. Fermentation of the fungus on white beans instead of rice afforded a new γ-lactam (7) and a known γ-lactone (8) that were not detected in the former extracts. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HRESIMS data. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line with IC50 values of 4.1 and 0.1 µM, respectively. Compound 4 also displayed cytotoxicity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with an IC50…