Search results for "Clearance"
showing 10 items of 116 documents
From the Golgi-Cajal mapping to the transmitter-based characterization of the neuronal networks leading to two modes of brain communication: Wiring a…
2007
After Golgi-Cajal mapped neural circuits, the discovery and mapping of the central monoamine neurons opened up for a new understanding of interneuronal communication by indicating that another form of communication exists. For instance, it was found that dopamine may be released as a prolactin inhibitory factor from the median eminence, indicating an alternative mode of dopamine communication in the brain. Subsequently, the analysis of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons demonstrated a novel type of lower brainstem neuron that monosynaptically and globally innervated the entire CNS. Furthermore, the ascending raphe serotonin neuron systems were found to globally innervate the forebrai…
Pharmacokinetics of oligodeoxynucleotides encapsulated in liposomes: effect of lipid composition and preparation method
2000
1. The effect of the method employed to prepare liposomes and their lipid composition were evaluated in terms of the encapsulation efficiency and pharmacokinetic features of two oligodeoxynucleotides of a 21 mer: the normal (N-Odn) and the phosphorothioate (S-Odn) oligodeoxynucleotide. 2. Liposomes were prepared by the classical method of multilamellar vesicles (MV) and by the dehydration-rehydration method (DR). Two lipid mixtures were used to prepare liposomes--the predominant lipid being phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) respectively. 3. The DR method for liposome preparation provided the highest encapsulation efficiency, regardless of liposome lipid composition and the typ…
Influence of concomitant medications on the total clearance and the risk for supra-therapeutic plasma concentrations of Citalopram. A population-base…
2014
Introduction: The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the use of multiple medications and other risk factors on citalopram plasma concentrations. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with a naturalistic population of 957 patients for whom routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of citalopram had been requested between 2006 and 2013 was conducted. Results: Concomitant drugs inhibiting at least 2 different CYP subtypes involved in the metabolism of citalopram decreased statistically significantly the total clearance (Clt). Compared to younger patients over 64-year-old patients had on average a 4.5 times higher risk rate of supra-therapeutic plasma concentration…
In vitro study of the apical microleakage with resilon root canal filling using different final endodontic irrigants
2015
Background: Endodontic microleakage or microfiltration refers to the percolation of fluids and micro-organisms at the interface of the obturation material and the walls of the root canal system. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare apical microfiltration of Resilon root canal filling by employing three dif ferent final irrigant solutions. Material and Methods: 128 single-rooted teeth were employed. The crowns were sectioned horizontally at the cemento-enamel junction and instrumented with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA gel to obtain an instrumented 040 apical caliber. An intermediate irrigation was performed with distilled water. The roots were then randomly assigne…
Copepod limnocalanus macrurus mating in relation to vertical migrations and aspects of feeding rates in the Bothnian Sea (Baltic Sea)
2006
The studies of calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus feeding rates and mating related to vertical migration were conducted in October 2005 in the Bothnian Sea. The monocyclic copepod Limnocalanus macrurus develops mostly to adult and larger copepodites stages in autumn and these stages were investigated. Bothnian Sea is a brackish-water basin in Baltic Sea with comparatively big depth therefore Limnocalanus macrurus which prefer to live in deep and cold water is more abundant in this Baltic Sea part. Recent observations in the Bothnian Sea showed that Limnocalanus macrurus performs diel vertical migrations and adults approve stricter tendency to stay under thermocline layer at night than c…
Impact of increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems on distribution feeders
2015
This paper investigates impact of increasing photovoltaic (PV) penetration on distribution feeders. The main focus of this work is on ‘how PV systems penetration can influence operation of the protective devices in the distribution feeder?’. PV systems' impact, in a distribution feeder, for 3Φ fault has been analyzed. It considers fault location and protective devices (PDs) settings (e.g. time of PDs operation before a fault gets cleared by it). This paper is also emphasizing on ‘how the penetration of PV can affect voltage quality / unbalance in the distribution feeder’. The considered distribution feeders are supplying residential network and therefore loading on different phases are goin…
Synthesis and evaluation of (S)-2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-4-([3-methyl-1-(2-piperidin-1-yl-phenyl)-butyl-carbamoyl]-methyl)-benzoic acid ([18F]repaglin…
2004
18F-labeled non-sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent (S)-2-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)-4-((3-methyl-1-(2-piperidin-1-yl-phenyl)-butylcarbamoyl)-methyl)-benzoic acid ([(18)F]repaglinide), a derivative of the sulfonylurea-receptor (SUR) ligand repaglinide, was synthesized as a potential tracer for the non-invasive investigation of the sulfonylurea 1 receptor status of pancreatic beta-cells by positron emission tomography (PET) in the context of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [(18)F]Repaglinide could be obtained in an overall radiochemical yield (RCY) of 20% after 135 min with a radiochemical purity higher than 98% applying the secondary labeling precursor 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyltosylate. Specific activity w…
Plasma clearance of human low-density lipoprotein in human apolipoprotein B transgenic mice is related to particle diameter.
2004
To test for intrinsic differences in metabolic properties of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a function of particle size, we examined the kinetic behavior of 6 human LDL fractions ranging in size from 251 to 265 A injected intravenously into human apolipoprotein (apo) B transgenic mice. A multicompartmental model was formulated and fitted to the data by standard nonlinear regression using the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling (SAAM II) program. Smaller sized LDL particles (251 to 257 A) demonstrated a significantly slower fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (0.050 +/- 0.045 h(-1)) compared with particles of larger size (262 to 265 A) (0.134 +/- -0.015 h(-1), P.03), and there was a significant …