Search results for "Clima"

Tree rings and volcanic cooling

2012

Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi

2018

Abstract. Fungi play important roles in the environment, agriculture, and human health. Most fungal species spread by wind-driven dispersal of spores, determining their occurrence and distribution in different environments. The dynamics of airborne fungi and their dependence on lifestyle and environmental conditions, however, are not well characterized. Here, we categorize the fungi detected in coarse and fine aerosol samples from continental boundary layer air using a lifestyle classification scheme that differentiates whether the fungi are (A) primarily associated to herbaceous or woody plants and (B), whether they are saprophytic, plant pathogenic, or surface inhabitants. Herbaceous fung…

Epizootiology of protozoans in farmed salmonids at northern latitudes

1997

Abstract Protozoan ectoparasites were examined in a northern salmonid fish farm over a 10-year period, June 1984–May 1994, by the same researcher, with similar catching and sampling procedures throughout. Husbandry procedures remained constant during the study, e.g., fingerlings were kept in steel tanks and yearlings in both steel tanks and earth ponds. Ichthyobodo necator, Chilodonella hexasticha and Ichthyophthirius multifilurs infections were treated with formalin, salt and malachite green-formalin baths, respectively, whenever any parasites were found. Altogether 10 790 randomly sampled salmon (Salmo solar), sea trout (S. trutta m. trutta) and brown trout (S. trutta m. lacustris) were s…

Distribution, ecology and conservation survey on Trifolium michelianum Savi (Fabaceae) in Sicily (Italy)

2013

We report the identification of four residual stations for Trifolium michelianum Savi (Fabaceae) in Sicily, whereas the species was documented to be extinct at the Gorgo Cerro station (western Sicily), the only locality previously reported in the literature. In addition to an update on the distribution of the species, a survey on the new Sicilian populations led to their biological, ecological and phytosociological characterization, as well as to an assessment of the risk factors. The species, here relegated to the limit of its distribution area, occurs in particularly sensitive and vulnerable environments, such as the “Mediterranean temporary ponds”, considered “priority” by the Council Di…

Extremophilic taxa predominate in a microbial community of photovoltaic panels in a tropical region

2021

ABSTRACT Photovoltaic panels can be colonized by a highly diverse microbial diversity, despite life-threatening conditions. Although they are distributed worldwide, the microorganisms living on their surfaces have never been profiled in tropical regions using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and PICRUst metagenome prediction of functional content. In this work, we investigated photovoltaic panels from two cities in southeast Brazil, Sorocaba and Itatiba, using these bioinformatics approach. Results showed that, despite significant differences in microbial diversity (p < 0.001), the taxonomic profile was very similar for both photovoltaic panels, dominated mainly by Proteobacteria,…

Maximun Cumulative Water Deficit - MCWD: a R language script

2019

Maximum Cumulative Water Deficit - MCWD: a R language script DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2625772 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2652630) Script for the calculation of MCWD (Maximum Cumulative Water Deficit) in rainfall raster data (e.g. CHIRPS and TRMM). Calculation based in Aragão et al. (2007, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006GL028946). Please cite as: "Campanharo, W. A., and Silva Junior, C. H. L. (2019). Maximun Cumulative Water Deficit - MCWD: a R language script. doi:10.5281/zenodo.2652630." and "Silva Junior, et al. (2019). Fire responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian droughts. Frontiers in Earth Science. doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00097."…

The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere

1956

For any meteorological effects of radiation, only those constituents of the air which have a very strong absorption in the infra-red are involved; these are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Several methods have been developed (Mügge & Möller 1932 a, b ; Elsasser 1942; Yamamoto 1952) for computing the radiation flux, and numerous calculations of these fluxes and of the cooling rates have been performed in the last 25 years (Ludwig 1935; Kortiim 1939; Thompson & Neiburger 1955). The results are summarized in figure 1, which shows the distribution of the tem­perature and of the cooling rate by water vapour in some characteristic atmospheres. The lower levels of the tropical atmosphere…

2009

Abstract. In-situ ice crystal size distribution measurements are presented within the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere. The measurements were performed using a combination of a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP-100) and a Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), which were installed on the Russian high altitude research aircraft M55 "Geophysica" during the SCOUT-O3 campaign in Darwin, Australia. One of the objectives of the campaign was to characterise the Hector convective system, which appears on an almost daily basis during the pre-monsoon season over the Tiwi Islands, north of Darwin. In total 90 encounters with ice clouds, between 10 and 19 km altitude were selected from the dat…

The influence of ENSO on winter rainfall in South Africa

2011

Whereas the impact of ENSO on the African summer rainfall regions is largely documented and still regularly investigated, little is known about its impact on the winter rainfall regions located at the southwestern and northwestern tips of Africa. Yet, these regions are densely inhabited and are net exporters of high-quality agricultural products. Here we analyze the relationship between El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and South Africa austral winter rainfall using a 682 raingauges daily rainfall database documenting the period 1950–1999. The May, June and July (MJJ) seasonal rainfall amount shows a positive correlation with the Nino3.4 index that becomes significant since the so-called …

Stratosphere–Troposphere Exchange and Its Relation to Potential Vorticity Streamers and Cutoffs near the Extratropical Tropopause

2007

Abstract Two distinct dynamical processes near the dynamical tropopause (2-PVU surface) and their relation are discussed in this study: stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) and the formation of distinct potential vorticity (PV) structures in the form of stratospheric and tropospheric streamers and cutoffs on isentropic surfaces. Two previously compiled climatologies based upon the 15-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-15) dataset (from 1979 to 1993) are used to establish and quantify the link between STE and these PV structures. An event-based analysis reveals a strong relation between the two processes. For instance, on isentropes below 320 K, 30%–50%…