Search results for "Clima"

Urban environment during early-life and blood pressure in young children

2021

Background: The urban environment is characterised by many exposures that may influence hypertension development from early life onwards, but there is no systematic evaluation of their impact on child blood pressure (BP). Methods: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in 4,279 children aged 4-5 years from a multi-centre European cohort (France, Greece, Spain, and UK). Urban environment exposures were estimated during pregnancy and childhood, including air pollution, built environment, natural spaces, traffic, noise, meteorology, and socioeconomic deprivation index. Single- and multiple-exposure linear regression models and a cluster analysis were carried out. Results: In multi…

Depth matters : Effects of precipitation regime on soil microbial activity upon rewetting of a plant-soil system

2018

International audience; Climate change is predicted to affect not only the amount but also the temporal distribution of rain. Changes in frequency and amplitude of rain events, i.e. precipitation patterns, result in different water conditions with soil depth, and likely affect plant growth and shape plant and soil microbial activity. Here, we used 18O stable isotope probing (SIP) to investigate bacterial and fungal communities that actively grew or not upon rewetting, at three different depths in plant-soil mesocosms previously subjected to frequent or infrequent watering for 12 weeks (equal total water input). Phylogenetic marker genes for bacteria and fungi were sequenced after rewetting,…

Natural soil reservoirs for human pathogenic and fecal indicator bacteria

2015

Prod ? EA UB INRA BIOME; International audience; résumé du livre : Environmental microbiology, the study of the roles that microbes play in all planetary environments, is one of the most important areas of scientific research. The The Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of this critical and growing field. Thoroughly updated and revised, the Manuall is the definitive reference for information on microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. Written in accessible, clear prose, the manual covers four broad areas: general methodologies, environmental public health microbiology, microbial ecology, and biodegradati…

Meteorological considerations of grapevine damage due to temperature variations: the 2019 late spring frost and summer heat wave events in Burgundy.

2021

<p><strong><span>Meteorological considerations of grapevine damage due to temperature variations:</span> <span>t</span><span>he 2019 late spring frost and summer heat wave events </span>in Burgundy </strong></p><p>During 2019, <span>the occurrence of two contrasting weather events, a cold snap and a heat wave, caused extensive damage to the vineyards</span> of Northern Burgundy. <span>The late spring cold snap, that </span><span>occurred</span><span&…

Decreasing Phanerozoic extinction intensity as a consequence of Earth surface oxygenation and metazoan ecophysiology

2021

The decline in background extinction rates of marine animals through geologic time is an established but unexplained feature of the Phanerozoic fossil record. There is also growing consensus that the ocean and atmosphere did not become oxygenated to near-modern levels until the mid-Paleozoic, coinciding with the onset of generally lower extinction rates. Physiological theory provides us with a possible causal link between these two observations-predicting that the synergistic impacts of oxygen and temperature on aerobic respiration would have made marine animals more vulnerable to ocean warming events during periods of limited surface oxygenation. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that chang…

Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide

2013

Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere has been estimated from observations and modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top-down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface ob…

Le changement climatique et son impact sur la culture du pois

2021

Determinants of the distribution of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities at the landscape-scale

2010

Little information is available regarding the landscape-scale distribution of microbial communities and its environmental determinants. However, a landscape perspective is needed to understand the relative importance of local and regional factors and land management for the microbial communities. In this manuscript, we investigated the distribution of functional microbial communities involved in N-cycling and of the total bacterial and crenarchaeal communities over 107 sites using a grid with a 16 km lag distance within Burgundy, a 31 500 km2 region in France. After quantifying the abundances of the total bacterial, crenarchaeal, nitrate-reducing, denitrifying and ammonia-oxidizing communit…

CARTOGRAPHY OF AGROCLIMATIC INDICES AT MESOSCALE LEVEL: METHODOLOGY AND CASE STUDY OF BORDEAUX WINEGROWING AREA. Implications on vine development and…

2007

Climate spatial variability knowledge is essential in agronomy and forestry, in order to characterize production potential or to assess pest development risks. In viticulture, climate mainly governs grapevine development rate and berry ripening. The aim of the present work is to characterise climate spatial variability at mesoscale level, using several spatialization techniques at daily time step, applied to climate variables and agroclimatic indices, in order to evaluate its consequences on grapevine development and grape ripening. This study was led in the Bordeaux winegrowing region. Six variables were studied: minimum and maximum temperatures, solar radiation, reference evapotranspirati…

Dissolved silica in the Garonne River waters : changes in the weathering dynamics

2000

The major ion chemistry of the Garonne River is indicative of seasonal variations in the weathering dynamics of the drainage basin. Using the geochemical model MEGA for calculation of the contribution of atmospheric CO2 to the total bicarbonate fluxes exported by the Garonne River allows estimations of the concentrations of the major dissolved elements that originate from silicate- and carbonate-rock weathering. The molecular ratio SiO2/Al2O3 was calculated for the 1989–1992 period to identify the main type of weathering in the Garonne River, and montmorillonite was shown to be the major mineral occurring in the weathering products. The seasonal variations of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio also showe…