Search results for "Cognició"
showing 10 items of 102 documents
Diferencias de género en la empatía y su relación con el pensamiento moral y el altruismo
1998
The object of this present study is to evaluate the relationship between cognitive and affective components of moral development and the altruist tendency. Using scientific literature that points out important gender differences in empathic tendency, it seeks to verify if the difference in gender affects the empathic response of our adolescent population. The empathic study has been carried out with a group of 339 adolescents, 159 males and 180 females, during the school years from 8th year of General Basic Education, to the 3rd year of Higher Basic Education (Bachillerato). The results indicate that women are more empathic than men, independent of the gender of the victim who is the object…
Diferencias psicológicas en razón del Género : una visión multidimensional de la empatía en adolescentes
1998
The last decades have seen a growing interest develop to consider empathy as a multidimensional entity. This essay is situated in this framework of theory, and has as its object to evaluate the differences of gender and age in the cognitive and emotional factors of empathy during adolescence. The tool used for this study is Davis' 'Impersonal Reactivity Index' (1980), which includes four factors: perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern and personal distress. The results show that gender is a more relevant variable than age during the period evaluated. The differences indicate a higher empathic tendency in women, especially in emotional components. RESUMEN: En las última décadas se ha …
Origenes históricos del libro de J. Piaget 'el juicio moral en el niño': sus fuentes filosóficas y científicas
1996
This essay presents an exploratory study of the historic foundations of J. Piaget's moral psychology, using chiefly his work 'The child's moral judgment'. In particular the religious, philosophical and scientific foundations of his work are looked into. This is partly done using a bibliometric methology, but also carrying out a study of content. The study shows how Piaget's initial hypotheses originate in his fundamental philosophical difficulties, which arise during his university years. Later, Piaget looks for answers in a programme of scientific design, the results of which are in contrast with those obtained by other scientists with interest in the subject, such as E. Durkheim. RESUMEN:…
Función del nivel educativo y del sexo en el desarrollo moral de los adolescentes
1995
This present study seeks to approach the study of moral judgment development and the different variables that modulate said development. The main objective is to discover to what extent gender and the level of education are related to moral and personal growth in adolescents. The empirical study is conducted with a small group of secondary students (n=524), boys and girls. Results show that the two variables being studied (gender and education) are linked with the moral judgment development of the subjects. Women showed a tendency to guide their moral reasoning by higher principles. The education that the adolescents receive also clearly influences their moral and personal development. RESU…
Editorial: Effect of neurophysiological conditions and mental workload on physical and cognitive performances: a multidimensional perspective
2023
The Research Topic "Effect of Neurophysiological Conditions and Mental Workload on Physical and Cognitive Performances: a Multidimensional Perspective" compiles recent advances in the multidimensional assessment of the effect of neurophysiological status and mental workload on physical and cognitive performance (Aghajani et al., 2017; Perpetuini et al., 2022). Due to technological and data analytics tool advancements, non-invasive and real-time monitoring of the activity of the human central and autonomic nervous systems is now possible, facilitating the quantification of the relationship between physiology and human performance (Ashkanasy, 2004; Cardone et al., 2022). Moreover, questionnai…
Explorations of familiarity produced by words with specific combinations of letters
2010
We explore familiarity-based recognition using a paradigm devised by Parkin et al. (2001). The task consists of the creation of two lists of words written with one of two different subsets of letters of the alphabet. We manipulated study time (50, 100, 200, 500 ms per word) of words with different letter probabilistic structure to those originally used by Parkin et al. Letter-based familiarity responding was robust and present even at rates producing otherwise chance performance. A second experi- ment and structural equation modelling led us to interpret the results from the point of view of a theory that takes into account the processing of similarities and differences (Hunt & MacDaniel, (…
Funciones ejecutivas y competencia social en niños con trastorno del espectro autista y déficit de atención con hiperactividad
2018
Recientes estudios han señalado la necesidad de conocer los mecanismos subyacentes del trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) y el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), así como la comorbilidad de ambos. Los déficits en las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y en cognición social (COS) han sido los procesos más intensamente investigados, con hallazgos que no son unánimes. La presente investigación se propuso profundizar en el FE y en las habilidades de COS que contribuyen al funcionamiento social, conductual y adaptativo de niños con TEA de alto funcionamiento, TDAH y TEA+TDAH. Los participantes fueron 124 niños entre 7 y 11 años, distribuidos en cuatro grupos: 37 con desarr…
Más allá de la disciplina académica: algunas consideraciones para el desarrollo en los procesos educativos
2020
Erróneamente se cree que enseñar es una actividad sencilla en la que solo basta con conocer la materia y algo de experiencia. Desconociendo los conocimientos pedagógicos y didácticos propios de la docencia y de otras áreas como la psicología cognitiva y la sociología, que facultan para ejercer de una manera profesional la enseñanza. Por otra parte, se desconoce la evolución en las prácticas y necesidades educativas del mundo contemporáneo que van más allá de un conocimiento disciplinar. En este trabajo se describen algunos factores a tener en cuenta para el desarrollo de la profesión docente, al existir una relación multidimensional (normativa, emocional, intersubjetiva), centrada en objeti…
Modulation of higher-order olfaction components on executive functions in humans
2015
The prefrontal (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) appear to be associated with both executive functions and olfaction. However, there is little data relating olfactory processing and executive functions in humans. The present study aimed at exploring the role of olfaction on executive functioning, making a distinction between primary and more cognitive aspects of olfaction. Three executive tasks of similar difficulty were used. One was used to assess hot executive functions (Iowa Gambling Task-IGT), and two as a measure of cold executive functioning (Stroop Colour and Word Test-SCWT and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-WCST). Sixty two healthy participants were included: 31 with normosmia and …
Aproximación a la Clasificación del Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL) en una muestra de personas mayores institucionalizadas
2011
Actualmente, se considera que el envejecimiento puede clasificarse en tres tipos, el normal, el patológico, donde se encontraría el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y finalmente, el envejecimiento óptimo. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en diferentes pruebas de evaluación neuropsicológica, se plantea como objetivo, establecer grupos diagnósticos de DCL, para describirlos y compararlos. La aplicación de las pruebas se realiza a 20 personas de entre 65 y 94 años, residentes en un centro para mayores de Valencia, España. Los resultados mostraron que, el grupo más frecuente fue el de DCL multidominio no amnésico, y que el menos frecuente el DCL amnésico. Pruebas como el WMS dígitos, la prueb…