Search results for "Cognition"
showing 10 items of 7054 documents
Does Bold Emphasis Facilitate the Process of Visual-Word Recognition?
2014
AbstractThe study of the effects of typographical factors on lexical access has been rather neglected in the literature on visual-word recognition. Indeed, current computational models of visual-word recognition employ an unrefined letter feature level in their coding schemes. In a letter recognition experiment, Pelli, Burns, Farell, and Moore-Page (2006), letters in Bookman boldface produced more efficiency (i.e., a higher ratio of thresholds of an ideal observer versus a human observer) than the letters in Bookman regular under visual noise. Here we examined whether the effect of bold emphasis can be generalized to a common visual-word recognition task (lexical decision: “is the item a wo…
Understanding metaphors and idioms: A single-case neuropsychological study in a person with Down syndrome
2001
The ability of subject F.F., diagnosed with Down syndrome, to appreciate nonliteral (interpreting metaphors and idioms) and literal (vocabulary knowledge, including highly specific and unusual items) aspects of language was investigated. F.F. was impaired in understanding both metaphors and idioms, while her phonological, syntactic and lexical–semantic skills were largely preserved. By contrast, some aspects of F.F.'s executive functions and many visuospatial abilities were defective. The suggestion is made that the interpretation of metaphors and idioms is largely independent of that of literal language, preserved in F.F., and that some executive aspects of working memory and visuospatial …
Break in volition: a virtual reality study in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2013
Research in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) produced inconsistent results in demonstrating an association between patients’ symptom severity and their cognitive impairments. The process involved in volition aspects of behavioral syndromes can be extensively analyzed using specific tests developed in virtual environments, more suitable to manipulate rules and possible breaks of the normal task execution with different, confusing or stopping instructions. The study involved thirty participants (15 OCD patients and 15 controls) during task execution and the relative interferences. At this purpose, the virtual version of Multiple Errands Test was used. Virtual reality setting, with a higher…
Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Adolescents in Out-of-Home Care.
2020
Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for emotional problems in adolescence and adulthood and has deleterious effects on cognitive functions such as working memory. A key aspect in the study of the cognitive and affective consequences of maltreatment is autobiographical memory, especially regarding the difficulty retrieving specific memories, known as overgeneral memory. In this study, autobiographical memory tests, working memory, and a depressive symptom assessment were administered to 48 adolescents in care with a history of maltreatment (22 abused and 26 neglected) without mental disorder, who had been removed from their family and were living in residential child care, and to …
Simulating Images Seen by Patients with Inhomogeneous Sensitivity Losses
2012
PURPOSE We aim to simulate how colored images are perceived by subjects with local achromatic and chromatic contrast sensitivity losses in the visual field (VF). METHODS The spatiochromatic corresponding pair algorithm, introduced in a previous article (J Opt Soc Am (A) 2004;21:176-186), has been implemented with a linear model of the visual system. Spatial information is processed separately by the chromatic and achromatic mechanisms by means of a multiscale model, with sensors selective to frequency, orientation, and spatial position, whose mechanism-dependent relative weights change with the spatial location of the image. These weights have been obtained from perimetric data from a patie…
Timing of right parietal and frontal cortex activity in visuo-spatial perception: A TMS study in normal individuals
2001
In a recent study we showed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with train duration of 400 ms over right frontal and right posterior parietal cortices gives rise to transitory contralateral visuo-spatial neglect in normal subjects. In the present experiment we investigated whether using single-pulse TMS it is possible to obtain information about the timing of cortical activity related to spatial cognition. Nine healthy subjects performed in baseline condition and during TMS a tachistoscopic task, requiring a forced-choice estimation of the length of the two segments of prebisected horizontal lines. Single-pulse TMS was triggered at various time intervals (150 ms, 225 ms…
Neural specialization to human faces at the age of 7 months.
2021
AbstractSensitivity to human faces has been suggested to be an early emerging capacity that promotes social interaction. However, the developmental processes that lead to cortical specialization to faces has remained unclear. The current study investigated both cortical sensitivity and categorical specificity through event-related potentials (ERPs) previously implicated in face processing in 7-month-old infants (N290) and adults (N170). Using a category-specific repetition/adaptation paradigm, cortical specificity to human faces, or control stimuli (cat faces), was operationalized as changes in ERP amplitude between conditions where a face probe was alternated with categorically similar or …
Alexithymia and facial emotion recognition in patients with eating disorders
2006
Objective: Patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa are reported to show high levels of alexithymia and to have difficulties recognizing facially displayed emotions. The current study tested whether it could be that facial emotion recognition is a basic skill that is independent from alexithymia. Method: We assessed emotion recognition skills and alexithymia in a group of 79 female inpatients with eating disorders and compared them with a group of 78 healthy female controls. Instruments used were the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Facially Expressed Emotion Labeling (FEEL) test, and the revised Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R). Results: There were no significant differences between patients a…
Attributional style in a case of Cotard delusion.
2007
Young and colleagues (e.g. Young, A. W., & Leafhead, K. M. (1996). Betwixt life and death: case studies of the Cotard delusion. In P. W. Halligan & J. C. Marshall (Eds.), Method in madness: Case studies in cognitive neuropsychiatry. Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.) have suggested that cases of the Cotard delusion (the belief that one is dead) result when a particular perceptual anomaly (caused by a disruption to the affective component of visual recognition) occurs in the context of an internalising attributional style. This hypothesis has not previously been tested directly. We report here an investigation of attributional style in a 24-year-old woman with Cotard delusion ("LU"). …
The number of anti-seizure medications mediates the relationship between cognitive performance and quality of life in temporal lobe epilepsy
2021
Abstract Objectives To assess whether cognitive performance predicts quality of life (QOL) in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), using the Epitrack cognitive screening tool, while considering the mediating role of the number of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) and controlling for seizure-related, social, and emotional factors. Methods Seventy-five adult patients with drug-resistant TLE (mean age = 39.76 years, SD = 11.66) underwent a presurgical neuropsychological assessment. Main Outcome Measures: Cognitive performance (Epitrack), depression (BDI-II), trait anxiety (STAI); and QOL (QOLIE-31) were assessed. Results Adjusting for seizure-related, social, and emotional …