Search results for "Cognition"

Enhancement of Anticipatory Postural Adjustments by Virtual Reality in Older Adults with Cognitive and Motor Deficits: A Randomised Trial.

2021

Background: Postural activities involved in balance control integrate the anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) that stabilize balance and posture, facilitating arm movements and walking initiation and allowing an optimal coordination between posture and movement. Several studies reported the significant benefits of virtual reality (VR) exercises in frail older adults to decrease the anxiety of falling and to induce improvements in behavioural and cognitive abilities in rehabilitation processes. The aim of this study was thus to test the efficiency of a VR system on the enhancement of the APA period, compared to the use of a Nintendo Wii system. Methods: Frail older adults (n = 37) were i…

Do typically and atypically developing children learn and generalize novel names similarly: The role of conceptual distance during learning and at te…

2020

International audience; There is a large body of evidence showing that comparison of multiple stimuli leads to better conceptualization and generalization of novel names than no-comparison settings in typically developing (TD) children. By contrast, the evidence regarding this issue remains scarce in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and TD children matched on mental age with the Raven's coloured progressive matrices were tested in several novel name learning comparison conditions, with familiar objects. We manipulated the conceptual distance between the learning stimuli in the learning phase and between the learning and generalizatio…

Measuring trunk orientation with a CMOS camera: feasibility and accuracy.

2007

International audience; The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new tool to objectively quantify trunk orientation at the bedside, especially dedicated to the measurement of the lateropulsion in acute and subacute stroke patients. We developed software to analyze 2D movement with a CMOS camera (Logitech Quickcam Pro 4000) and to calculate the orientation of a segment defined by two color markers. First, the accuracy, reproducibility and noise when measuring segment orientations were evaluated with the CMOS camera placed in different positions, and second trunk orientation was measured in static and in dynamic conditions both with a CMOS camera and with a gold standard 3D vid…

Standardized on-road tests assessing fitness-to-drive in people with cognitive impairments: A systematic review.

2020

Objective The on-road assessment is the gold standard because of its ecological validity. Yet existing instruments are heterogeneous and little is known about their psychometric properties. This study identified existing on-road assessment instruments and extracted data on psychometric properties and usability in clinical settings. Method A systematic review identified studies evaluating standardized on-road evaluation instruments adapted for people with cognitive impairment. Published articles were searched on PubMed, CINHAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Study quality and the level of evidence were assessed using the COSMIN checklist. The collected data were synthetized usi…

Did you hear? Auditory prospective memory cues are more beneficial for autistic than for non-autistic children and adolescents

2021

Item does not contain fulltext Background: The transition from primary to secondary school is particularly difficult for autistic children, a transition underpinned by an increase in prospective memory (PM) demands. Aims: To better understand PM in autistic children of the relevant age range and its underlying processes, the current study investigated the impact of cue salience (distinctiveness) on PM in autistic and non-autistic children and adolescents. The study was unique in manipulating the visual and auditory salience of PM cues. Salient cues are assumed to put lower demands on executive control resources as compared to cues that blend in with the ongoing activity. Methods and procedu…

Autonomic Modulation Improves in Response to Harder Performances While Playing Wind Instruments

2020

Background: Despite inducing autonomic benefits similar to exercise, playing wind instruments is a physical, and cognitive task of high attentional requirements, which demands musicians maximal efforts, leading to sympathetic hyperarousal and autonomic worsening. In this context of controversy, it remains unknown the autonomic response to playing highly demanding music performances, as compared to an easier one, which might be of interest in wind musicians' cardiovascular health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate differences in the autonomic control of the heart with regard to task demands (TD), avoiding emotional influences (rehearsal performance). Methods: Eight healthy male pro…

Improving Speaker-Independent Lipreading with Domain-Adversarial Training

2017

We present a Lipreading system, i.e. a speech recognition system using only visual features, which uses domain-adversarial training for speaker independence. Domain-adversarial training is integrated into the optimization of a lipreader based on a stack of feedforward and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) recurrent neural networks, yielding an end-to-end trainable system which only requires a very small number of frames of untranscribed target data to substantially improve the recognition accuracy on the target speaker. On pairs of different source and target speakers, we achieve a relative accuracy improvement of around 40% with only 15 to 20 seconds of untranscribed target speech data. On mul…

Deep Neural Network Frontend for Continuous EMG-Based Speech Recognition

2016

Bodies Making Spaces: Understanding the Airport as a Site of Dissonance

2019

AbstractTrakilović theorizes the airport as a site where cultural/European notions of belonging are negotiated and controlled. Focusing on Schiphol airport in Amsterdam, the chapter approaches both the airport itself as well as its nearby detention center as one complex cultural phenomenon, from which Schiphol emerges as a site of heritage dissonance. Taking a phenomenological approach, the chapter explores what it means to be an embodied subject at the airport, taking the narrative of a Syrian newcomer who is relocated to the detention center as well as the author’s own experience of the airport as its analytical starting points. The selective processes of in- and exclusion at the airport …

A Grounded Theory of Elite Male Table Tennis Players’ Activity during Matches

2006

International audience; This article describes the main features of a collaborative project involving researchers, coaches, and elite table tennis players. The project was carried out between 1997 and 2002 with funding from the French Ministry of Youth and Sports, in response to a request by French Table Tennis Team coaches to improve the training of table tennis players. Matches were videotaped during international meets and followed by interviews during which the players described and commented on their activity as they viewed the tapes. A grounded theory of players' activity emerged from the data collected and the ensuing theoretical issues that were raised. The findings on table tennis …