Search results for "Cognition"
showing 10 items of 7054 documents
The role of motor system in action-related language comprehension in L1 and L2: An fMRI study
2018
The framework of embodied cognition has challenged the modular view of a language-cognition divide by suggesting that meaning-retrieval critically involves the sensory-motor system. Despite extensive research into the neural mechanisms underlying language-motor coupling, it remains unclear how the motor system might be differentially engaged by different levels of linguistic abstraction and language proficiency. To address this issue, we used fMRI to quantify neural activations in brain regions underlying motor and language processing in Chinese-English speakers’ processing of literal, metaphorical, and abstract language in their L1 and L2. Results overall revealed a response in motor ROIs …
The embodiment of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words : Evidence from late Chinese–English bilinguals
2023
Although increasing studies have confirmed the distinction between emotion-label words (words directly label emotional states) and emotion-laden words (words evoke emotions through connotations), the existing evidence is inconclusive, and their embodiment is unknown. In the current study, the emotional categorization task was adopted to investigate whether these two types of emotion words are embodied by directly comparing how they are processed in individuals’ native language (L1) and the second language (L2) among late Chinese-English bilinguals. The results revealed that apart from L2 negative emotion-laden words, both types of emotion words in L1 and L2 produced significant emotion effe…
Second and foreign language fluency from a cognitive perspective : inefficiency and control of attention in lexical access
2017
The present dissertation focuses on the fluency of second and foreign language (L2). Second and foreign language use is often assessed by its fluency. However, the connections between language proficiency and fluency are far from clear. The fluency reasearch has tried to establish these connections, but results are varied. In the current thesis, this question is explored within the theoretical framework of Norman Segalowitz’s division of three types of fluency: cognitive, utterance, and perceived fluency. The overall proposition here is that in relation to L2 proficiency, cognitive fluency provides important insights. This is based on the theories of limited cognitive resources, which state…
Prosody and fluency of Finland Swedish as a second language: Investigating global parameters for automated speaking assessment
2023
This study investigates prosody and fluency of Finland Swedish as a second language (L2). The main objective is to investigate global measures of prosody and fluency as predictors of overall oral proficiency, fluency, and pronunciation ratings. We analyzed parameters related to temporal fluency, timing (based on syllable durations), and f0 change from spontaneous speech produced by 30 native and 235 non-native speakers of Finland Swedish representing proficiency levels from beginner to intermediate. We used pairwise comparisons to investigate the differences between native speech (L1) and L2 samples from different proficiency levels. To study the predictability of ratings with acoustic para…
A Psychoacoustic Model of Harmonic Cadences - A Preliminary Report
2009
This report presents a psychoacoustically derived computational model of the perceived distance between any two major or minor triads, the degree of activity created by any given pair of triads, and the cadential effectiveness of three-triad progressions. It also provides statistical analyses of the ratings given by thirty-five participants for the ?similarity? and ?fit? of triads in a pair, and the ?cadential effectiveness? of three-triad progressions. Multiple regressions show that the model provides highly significant predictions of the experimentally obtained ratings. Finally, it is argued that because the model is based upon psychoacoustic axioms, it is likely the regression equations …
Mejorando la comprensión lectora: Desde la intervención metacognitiva en estrategias a la intervención en los procesos ejecutivos de la memoria opera…
2013
Many students may read fluently but have difficulties constructing meaning from texts. Difficulties with reading comprehension have many implications at school. In particular, problems understanding texts interfere with studying and learning from text. Reading comprehension has improved in the last 30 years focusing on intervention programs that work with strategies in which metacog-nition plays a crucial role. However, recent years have seen relevant advances in the study of the relationship between working memory (WM), particularly executive processes, and reading comprehension. In this paper, we present how the last 20 years of our research has evolved regarding metacognitive interventio…
AI Ethics in Industry: A Research Framework
2019
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems exert a growing influence on our society. As they become more ubiquitous, their potential negative impacts also become evident through various real-world incidents. Following such early incidents, academic and public discussion on AI ethics has highlighted the need for implementing ethics in AI system development. However, little currently exists in the way of frameworks for understanding the practical implementation of AI ethics. In this paper, we discuss a research framework for implementing AI ethics in industrial settings. The framework presents a starting point for empirical studies into AI ethics but is still being developed further based on its pr…
Evaluation of the animal-assisted therapy in Alzheimer's disease
2017
Animal-assisted therapy sessions have been set up in a protected unit for patients with a dementia-related syndrome. The aim is to measure the effects of animal-assisted therapy on behavioural disorders in daily life and care. The results obtained provided some interesting areas to explore and recommendations with a view to optimising the implementation of such a system.
Tune recognition from melody, rhythm and harmony
2009
Earlier studies have shown that listeners recognise familiar tunes. With tunes that are manipulated in some way, melody has been shown to be more important for recognition than rhythm. The present study examined the importance of melody, rhythm and harmony for tune recognition by listeners with varying musical expertise. Forty-six participants, divided into three groups according to their musical expertise, heard the first two phrases of familiar tunes in four different versions: melody, rhythm, melody with harmony and rhythm with harmony. The participants were asked to identify the tunes. A two-factor ANOVA was conducted with the four versions of presentation and the three groups of partic…
Ricoeur's surprising take on recognition
2011
This essay examines Paul Ricœur’s views on recognition in his book The Course of Recognition. It highlights those aspects that are in some sense surprising, in relation to his previous publications and the general debates on Hegelian Anerkennung and the politics of recognition. After an overview of Ricœur’s book, the paper examines the meaning of “recognition” in Ricœur’s own proposal, in the dictionaries Ricœur uses, and in the contemporary debates. Then it takes a closer look at the ideas of recognition as identification and as “taking as true.” Then it turns to recognition (attestation) of oneself, in light of the distinction between human constants (and the question “What am I?”), and h…