Search results for "Cognitive Dysfunction"
showing 10 items of 175 documents
Impaired cognitive control in patients with brain tumors
2021
Though the assessment of cognitive functions is proven to be a reliable prognostic indicator in patients with brain tumors, some of these functions, such as cognitive control, are still rarely investigated. The objective of this study was to examine proactive and reactive control functions in patients with focal brain tumors and to identify lesioned brain areas more at "risk" for developing impairment of these functions. To this end, a group of twenty-two patients, candidate to surgery, were tested with an AX-CPT task and a Stroop task, along with a clinical neuropsychological assessment, and their performance was compared to that of a well-matched healthy control group. Although overall ac…
Morphometric magnetic resonance imaging cortico-subcortical features in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment
2022
Background and purpose Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with cognitive impairment undergo progressive atrophy of several cortical and subcortical areas. The aim was to study the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric features of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Patients from the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Impairment Study (PACOS) cohort with an available structural volumetric brain MRI and morphometric measurements of the midbrain and pons areas, middle cerebellar peduncle, superior cerebellar peduncle width and midbrain anteroposterior diameter (A-Pdiam) were included. MCI was diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society level II criteria. Additi…
Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low- and middle-income countries?
2021
Background: Loneliness may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment but studies on this topic are scarce, particularly from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between loneliness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted t…
Diabetes and cognitive decline
2022
Epidemiologic studies have documented an association between diabetes and increased risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Based on animal model studies, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain such an association, including central insulin signaling, neurodegeneration, brain amyloidosis, and neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms in humans remain poorly defined. It is reasonable, however, that many pathways may be involved in these patients leading to cognitive impairment. A major aim of clinicians is identifying early onset of neurologic signs and symptoms in elderly diabetics to improve quality of life of those with cognitive impairment and reduce costs associa…
Lesion load may predict long-term cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients
2015
Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques provided evidences into the understanding of cognitive impairment (CIm) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To investigate the role of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in predicting long-term CIm in a cohort of MS patients. Methods: 303 out of 597 patients participating in a previous multicenter clinical-MRI study were enrolled (49.4% were lost at follow-up). The following MRI parameters, expressed as fraction (f) of intracranial volume, were evaluated: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-f), WM-f, GM-f and abnormal WM (AWM-f), a measure of lesion load. Nine years later, cognitive status was assessed in 241 patients using the Symbol Dig…
The Mediating Effect of Different Exercise Programs on the Immune Profile of Frail Older Women with Cognitive Impairment.
2020
Background: Frail individuals experience an accelerated immunosenescence, and exercise has been identified as a therapy to promote a better inflammatory environment. Objective: To analyze the effects of 28-weeks of two different exercise protocols on the functional fitness and immune profiles of institutionalized pre-frail and frail women with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Participants residing in care homes (n=60, 81±7.84 years old) were randomized into three groups: a chair elastic band muscle-strength exercise (CSE, n=21; 81±4.79), a chair multimodal exercise (CME, n=20; 80±8.19), and a control non-exercise (CGne, n=19; 80±10.01). Both CME and CSE groups performed progressive circ…
Migraine, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study
2022
Background: The potential impact of migraine on cognitive aging among older adults remains controversial. Objective: To examine the relationship of migraine and subtypes with cognitive decline and dementia in an older Swedish population. Methods: This population-based study included 3,069 participants (age ≥ 60 years) from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Stockholm. Baseline examination was conducted in 2001–2004, and participants were followed every 3 or 6 years until 2013–2016. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and linkage with registers. Global cognitive function was measured with the Mini-Mental Stat…
Mild cognitive decline. A position statement of the Cognitive Decline Group of the European Innovation Partnership for Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP…
2016
Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a term used to describe a level of decline in cognition which is seen as an intermediate stage between normal ageing and dementia, and which many consider to be a prodromal stage of neurodegeneration that may become dementia. That is, it is perceived as a high risk level of cognitive change. The increasing burden of dementia in our society, but also our increasing understanding of its risk factors and potential interventions, require diligent management of MCI in order to find strategies that produce effective prevention of dementia. Aim: To update knowledge regarding mild cognitive impairment, and to bring together and appraise evidence abou…
Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline: key features for prevention
2019
The decline in cognitive function is generally the result of the complex interaction of several factors. First of all, age, but also demographic, educational, genetic, socio-economic, and environmental determinants, including nutrition. Cognitive decline and dementia prevalence are increasing, and they are projected to continue increasing in the next decades due to the aging of the world population. Currently, there are no effective pharmacological treatments for these devastating and disabling conditions, which emphasize the key role of preventive strategies. There is compelling evidence of the role of diet and lifestyle on cognitive function. Therefore, dietary/ nutritional approaches th…
Validation study of the Italian Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised in a young-old and old-old population
2011
<i>Aims:</i> The main aims of the study were the translation and the subsequent validation in Italian of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R), and the evaluation of its usefulness in discriminating cognitively normal subjects from patients with mild dementia in an elderly population. <i>Methods:</i> The ACE-R was translated and adapted into Italian. The Italian ACE-R was administered to a group of 179 elderly subjects (72 cognitively healthy and 107 subjects with mild dementia, mean age 75.4 ± 6.4 years). The group was stratified into two subsamples according to age, i.e. a young-old (<75 years) and an old-old (≧75 years) group, in order to eval…