Search results for "Cognitive Reserve"
showing 6 items of 36 documents
RETA A TU MENTE, DESAFÍA A TU CEREBRO: COMPLEJIDAD AMBIENTAL Y SALUD CEREBRAL
2016
Abstract.According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that more than 30 million people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease in the world. Currently, there is great interest in developing strategies to counteract the cognitive decline that accompanies aging and, to a greater extent, neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the current study is to analyze the experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that interventions based on novelty and complexity are more effective in order to achieve successful aging. In animal models it has shown that enriched environments and performing voluntary exercise can improve performance in learning and memory tasks, decrease anxiety response and …
Is Age Just a Number? Cognitive Reserve as a Predictor of Divergent Thinking in Late Adulthood
2016
The purpose of the study was to test a model of causal relationships among cognitive reserve (CR), personality variables such as Neuroticism and Openness to experience, and divergent thinking (DT), independently evaluating performance in different domains (verbal and graphic). It was hypothesized that CR, Openness, and Neuroticism would each directly influence verbal and graphic DT. A total of 135 subjects between 55 and 84 years old participated in the study and were interviewed in individual sessions. For a correct fit Neuroticism was eliminated from the measurement model. The goodness-of-fit indexes of the measurement model, the adequate composite reliability index and the discriminant v…
Impacto del bilingüismo sobre la estructura cerebral
2015
Tradicionalment la recerca neurocientífica sobre el bilingüisme s’ha centrat en les implicacions funcionals. El cervell és un òrgan en constant canvi durant tota la vida (per causes genètiques i no genètiques), i la intensitat i freqüència amb què usem el llenguatge fan del bilingüisme una condició d’elevada demanda cognitiva. En l’última dècada s’ha produït un progrés significatiu pel que fa als correlats neurals del processament i la representació del llenguatge, en gran part gràcies als avanços en les tècniques de neuroimatge. Nombrosos estudis han mostrat que el bilingüisme podria estar relacionat amb increments del volum de substància grisa i una integritat superior de la substància bl…
Cognitive reserve and cognitive performance of patients with focal frontal lesions
2017
The Cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis was put forward to account for the variability in cognitive performance of patients with similar degrees of brain pathology. Compensatory neural activity within the frontal lobes has often been associated with CR. For the first time we investigated the independent effects of two CR proxies, education and NART IQ, on measures of executive function, fluid intelligence, speed of information processing, verbal short term memory (vSTM), naming, and perception in a sample of 86 patients with focal, unilateral frontal lesions and 142 healthy controls. We fitted multiple linear regression models for each of the cognitive measures and found that only NART IQ pre…
Relationship between cognitive performance and mobility over the life course
2018
We studied cross-sectional, longitudinal and temporal associations between executive function and life-space mobility in old age. We assessed the association between intellectual ability in early adulthood and physical functioning in old age, and the association between early life motor development and cognitive performance in early old age. The participants of the first dataset were 157 persons aged 76-91 y who were followed up for two years as part of the Life-Space Mobility in Old Age study, and who took part in measurements on executive function (EF) implemented with the Trail Making Test and Life-Space Assessment. The second dataset comprised persons from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Stud…
Comparación entre ancianos sanos con alta y baja reserva cognitiva y ancianos con deterioro cognitivo
2012
Este trabajo presenta la comparación de las características de sujetos con alta y baja reserva cognitiva, y sujetos con baja reserva cognitiva y deterioro cognitivo, diferenciados a partir del desarrollo de una medida ponderada de reserva cognitiva. Mediante un diseño correlacional se evaluaron 200 personas con edad superior a 65 años, no institucionalizados. Los resultados mostraron, por un lado, que el grupo de alta reserva cognitiva obtuvo mejores puntuaciones tanto en el nivel de deterioro cognitivo como en la medida ponderada de reserva que el grupo de baja reserva cognitiva y, por otro lado, el grupo de baja reserva cognitiva mostró un perfil similar al del grupo de deterioro cognitiv…