Search results for "Cognitive science"
showing 10 items of 6580 documents
Évolution du concept d’alliance thérapeutique en psychanalyse, de Freud à Renik
2012
Resume L’alliance therapeutique se definit comme la collaboration mutuelle, un partenariat, entre le patient et le therapeute dans le but d’accomplir les objectifs fixes. Ce concept a pris naissance en psychanalyse ou il a donne lieu a d’intenses debats. Nous proposons une synthese de ces debats, depuis les premieres intuitions de Freud jusqu’a l’actuel courant d’intersubjectivite. Ceci permet de mettre a jour les arguments d’une question qui n’est finalement pas tranchee, mais qui trouve cependant une voie d’expression dans les recherches portant sur les therapies breves analytiques. En effet, la confrontation d’idee a essentiellement porte autour du fait de savoir si la notion d’alliance …
Le défaut de soutien familial dans l’immédiat post-partum : quels impacts sur l’émergence de la détresse maternelle ?
2018
Resume But de l’etude Cette etude vise a evaluer l’impact du defaut de soutien familial dans l’immediat post-partum sur l’etat psychique maternelle et de son evolution 6 mois apres la naissance de l’enfant. Patients et methode Trente-cinq meres primipares, vivant maritalement, ayant beneficie des services d’hospitalisation a domicile (HAD) via leur maternite. Apres leur inclusion, elles ont ete reparties a posteriori en deux groupes, en fonction de la variable independante : soutien familial, obtenue via une utilisation libre du Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ6) de Sarason (1983 ; 1987), rempli par les participantes. La detresse maternelle a ete evaluee sur 4 temps de mesure (T1–2 semaine…
Zum spezifischen Versorgungsbeitrag psychosozialer Krebsberatungsstellen – Sichtweisen der Ratsuchenden und Zuweisenden
2021
Ziel Ziel der Studie ist es, den spezifischen Versorgungsbeitrag von Krebsberatungsstellen (KBS) sowohl aus Sicht der Ratsuchenden wie aus Sicht der Zuweisenden in den Blick zu nehmen. Methodik Qualitatives Design mittels leitfadengestutzter face-to-face-Interviews mit Krebspatient/innen/Angehorigen und telefonischer Einzelinterviews mit Zuweisenden. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 43 Ratsuchende und 30 Zuweisende befragt. In Bezug auf die Beratungsinhalte werden die psychoonkologische Begleitung und Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe in Kombination mit einer sozialrechtlichen Aufklarung uber zusatzliche Unterstutzungsleistungen als zentrale Merkmale wahrgenommen. In der Gruppe der Zuweisenden scheint jedoc…
Olfaction, émotions et comportements
2015
International audience; Le nez a ses raisons que la raison ignore. Les émotions olfactives sont souvent inconscientes et vont pourtant diriger nombreux de nos comportements. Ce lien étroit entre émotion et olfaction est dû au fait que certaines régions cérébrales sont à la fois impliquées dans les processus olfactifs et émotionnels (cortex frontal et amygdale). Dans les pathologies neurodégénératives, dont la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), ces structures vont être atteintes à des stades plus ou moins sévères de la maladie. Au-delà d’une aide au diagnostic précoce, nous avons montré que l’utilisation d’odorants pourrait aider au diagnostic différentiel entre certains troubles de l’humeur et la ma…
EL PAPEL DE LA AUTOESTIMA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DEL VIH DE JÓVENES ESPAÑOLES
2017
Abstract.THE ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM IN HIV PREVENTION AMONG SPANISH YOUNG PEOPLE SELF-ESTEEM INFLUENCES ON SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIPS OF YOUNG PEOPLE.Aims to examine the effects of the self-esteem on HIV prevention, 467 young people from the Valencian Community (Mage = 20.62; SD = 2.14) completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Aids Prevention Questionnaire by Ballester et al. (2007). Results showed statistically significant positive correlation between self-esteem and self-efficacy in condom use (p = .000), perceived competence (p = .041) or number of sexual partners (p = .001). On the other hand, statistically significant negative correlation were found between solidarity t…
Pediatric Psychology
2021
The attention and the intervention of psychology in the field of pediatrics, especially regarding mothers and childcare, whether in a hospital or not, is extremely longstanding [...]
Positive Controls in Adults and Children Support That Very Few, If Any, New Neurons Are Born in the Adult Human Hippocampus.
2020
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was originally discovered in rodents. Subsequent studies identified the adult neural stem cells and found important links between adult neurogenesis and plasticity, behavior, and disease. However, whether new neurons are produced in the human dentate gyrus (DG) during healthy aging is still debated. We and others readily observe proliferating neural progenitors in the infant hippocampus near immature cells expressing doublecortin (DCX), but the number of such cells decreases in children and few, if any, are present in adults. Recent investigations using dual antigen retrieval find many cells stained by DCX antibodies in adult human DG. This has been interprete…
Are the Motives for Food Choices Different in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia?
2019
Recent research points to the bidimensional nature of orthorexia, with one dimension related to interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia) and another dimension related to a pathological preoccupation with eating healthily (orthorexia nervosa). Research was needed to provide further support for this differentiation. We examined the food-choice motives related to both aspects of orthorexia. Participants were 460 students from a Spanish university who completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Food Choice Questionnaire. By means of structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationship between orthorexia, food-choice motives, gender, body mass index, and age. The motives predictin…
Measuring Orthorexia Nervosa: Psychometric Limitations of the ORTO-15.
2017
AbstractOrthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, causing significant nutritional deficiencies and social and personal impairments. The ORTO-15 is the most widely used instrument to evaluate orthorexia nervosa, although previous studies obtained inconsistent results about its psychometric properties, and there are no data on the Spanish version. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the ORTO-15. In order to cross-validate the results, two independent samples were used (Sample 1: n = 807, 74.1% women; Sample 2: n = 242, 63.2% women). The results did not support t…
Having your cake and eating it: Faster responses with reduced muscular activation while learning a temporal interval
2019
International audience; We examined how motor responses to a stimulus evolve as individuals learn to predict when a stimulus will appear, by comparing responses to a regular versus irregular stimulus train. The study was conducted with two groups of adults — one responded to the regular appearance of a visual stimulus every 3 s (R group) and the second responded to the irregular presentation of the same stimulus (IR group) at intervals varying between 2 and 4 s. Participants responded to the appearance of the stimulus by bending over to press a button that was slightly out of reach. This whole body reach requires muscular activation at the ankles. Over the course of 50 consecutive responses…