Search results for "Coinfection"
showing 10 items of 126 documents
Impact of antiretroviral and tuberculosis therapies on CD4 + and CD8 + HIV/M. tuberculosis-specific T-cell in co-infected subjects
2018
Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) changed HIV clinical management but it is still unclear how pre-existing HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells are restored. Aim to evaluate the impact of ART and TB therapies on the functional and phenotypic profile of Mtb-specific antigen-response of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in prospectively enrolled HIV-TB co-infected patients. Methods ART-naive HIV-infected patients, with or without active TB or latent TB infection (LTBI), were enrolled before and after starting ART and TB therapies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) wer…
Trends for genetic variation of Hepatitis C Virus quasispecies in Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 coinfected patients
2007
Chronic infection by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) causes liver fibrosis, which is accelerated by unknown mechanisms in patients with HIV-1 coinfection. The evolution of HCV quasispecies in this setting of coinfection is not fully understood. To compare HCV quasispecies between HIV-HCV coinfection and HCV monoinfection, we sequenced 340 HCV clones from the HVR-1 and NS3 regions at two different time points in two groups of treatment-naive patients with HCV-1a infection: (1) HIV-HCV positive (n=6); and (2) HIV negative-HCV positive (n=3). In HCV/HIV coinfection, we found a trend for reduced HCV genetic complexity and diversity, and a trend towards reduced dN/dS ratios in the HVR-1 region, especial…
HBV virological suppression: still not enough to save from hepatocellular carcinoma. A case report on a 15-year, real-life story
2017
Among HIV-infected patients worldwide, 2-4 million are chronically infected with HBV. We report a 15-year, real-life story of a patient with HBV-HIV coinfection, who developed HCC despite high treatment adherence and complete viral suppression. The aim of our report is to alert the infectious diseases community to monitor the possible development of HCC regardless of high treatment adherence and complete viral suppression.
Infectious diseases among foreign prisoners: results of a hospital-based management model in Palermo.
2017
Foreign prisoners have a high vulnerability in terms of morbidity and access to care in overcrowded Italian prisons. This paper presents and comments on the management model of infectious diseases in foreign prisoners at our outpatient clinic, in order to describe a model of management for these conditions. Overall, 133 subjects (mean age 35.5 years) from 29 countries were followed for a period of 15 years. The most commonly represented area of origin (54.1%) was the Maghreb region. HCV infection (40.6%), HIV (22.5%), HBV (9.8%) and co-infection (15%, HIV/HCV or HIV/HBV) were observed. Ten subjects had tuberculosis, and only 30% of them were compliant with the treatment. Only 46.3% of HCV m…
Virological profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis C and overt or occult HBV infection
2002
Abstract OBJECTIVES: The virological profiles of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) and their interplay in cases of coinfection are undefined. A suppressed and occult HBV infection may occur in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients with chronic hepatitis C. The HCV core protein is able to inhibit HBV “in vitro,” and serines at positions 99 and 116 are essential for such inhibition. We aimed to assess the HBV and HCV virological profiles in cases of coinfection and to evaluate the relationship between HCV core gene variability and HBV activity. METHODS: Eighty-two anti-HCV positive patients were examined: 35 cases were HBsAg positive, 24 were HBsAg negative with “occult”…
Clinical features and epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Leishmania major/HIV co-infection in Cameroon: results of a large cross-sectional s…
2011
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Central Africa, including Cameroon. However, data on its prevalence and co-infection with HIV are scarce. Here we present the results of a large cross-sectional study reporting the prevalence, clinical features and species identification of CL and HIV co-infection in northern Cameroon. A total of 32 466 subjects were clinically screened for CL during a door-to-door survey, followed by parasitological diagnosis in the field laboratory. Amongst the subjects surveyed, 146 (0.4%) were diagnosed with active CL. Seven (4.8%) of these 146 CL patients tested positive for HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. The number of lesions per CL patient ranged from 1 to 20. Three of…
Role of a 48-week pegylated interferon therapy in hepatitis B e antigen positive HIV-co-infected patients on cART including tenofovir: EMVIPEG study.
2014
In hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive-HIV co-infected patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), the rate of HBe seroconversion remains low. Whether adding pegylated interferon alfa (PegIFN) could increase the likelihood of HBeAg loss and HBe seroconversion has not been assessed.A 48-week PegIFN therapy was added to HBeAg positive-HIV co-infected patients on TDF and emtricitabine, or lamivudine for at least 6 months. The primary endpoint was HBV sustained response: HBe seroconversion with undetectable HBV DNA levels 24 weeks after completing PegIFN therapy (W72).Fifty-one patients (49 men, median age 46 years, range: 32-6…
Co-detection of respiratory pathogens in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus viral disease-2019 pneumonia.
2020
ABSTRACTThere is scarce information on the frequency of co-detection of respiratory pathogens (RP) in patients with Covid-19. Documentation of coinfections in Covid-19 pneumonia patients may be relevant for appropriate clinical and therapeutic management of patients. Between March 4th and March 28th, 2020, a total of 183 adult patients testing positive by SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR on respiratory specimens were hospitalized with interstitial pneumonia at our center, of whom 103 were tested for other RP by a multiplexed PCR assay. Three patients had a positive result for either one (n=2; Coronavirus HKU1 or Mycoplasma pneumoniae) or two targets (n=1; Influenza virus A (H3) and Respiratory syncytial v…
Tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from migratory birds in southern Norway
2020
Birds are important hosts for the first life stages of the Ixodes ricinus tick and they can transport their parasites over long distances. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Rickettsia helvetica in ticks collected from migratory birds in Norway. A total of 815 Ixodes ricinus ticks from 216 birds trapped at Lista Bird Observatory in southern Norway during spring and autumn migration in 2008 were analysed by real-time PCR. B. burgdorferi s. l. was the most prevalent pathogen, detected in 6.1% of the ticks. The prevalence of N. mikurensis, A. phagocytophilum and R. helvetica was 1.2%…
Screening sierologico per Leishmania infantum su donatori di sangue e HIV+ asintomatici residenti in area endemica [Serological screening for Leishma…
2008
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Sicily (48 new cases in 2004, of which nine were in Agrigento). In southern Europe between 25-70 per cent of adult VL cases are related to HIV infection. The HIV cases have a high risk (1.5-9%) of developing VL either as a new infection or as the revival of a latent infection. We therefore carried out serologic screening to detect antibodies against L. infantum by IFAT in 1449 blood donors in Agrigento and the surrounding area (May-December 2005) and in 120 HIV+ in western Sicily, all of whom were asymptomatic and had no history of VL. L. DNA was assessed by nested PCR in blood samples of some seropositive donors. Of the 1449 blood donors, 11 (0.75%…