Search results for "Coinfection"
showing 10 items of 126 documents
The impact of DAA-mediated HCV eradication on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte trajectories in HIV/HCV coinfected patients: Data from the ICONA Foundation …
2021
HCV infection has been hypothesized as a contributor of poor CD4+ recovery in patients living with HIV (PLWHIV). Aim of this study was to evaluate CD4+, CD8+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio trends before and after HCV treatment with direct acting agents (DAA) in PLWHIV. HIV/HCV patients enrolled in ICONA and HepaICONA cohorts with HIV-RNA≤50 copies/ml who achieved a sustained viral response after DAA treatment were studied. A linear regression model was used to investigate CD4+, CD8+ and CD4/CD8 changes 12 months before and after DAA treatment. A total of 939 HIV/HCV patients were included, 225 (24.0%) female, median age: 53 years (IQR 50–56). At DAA initiation, CD4+ T cell count was <350 cells/…
Effect of female genital schistosomiasis and anti-schistosomal treatment on monocytes, CD4+ T-cells and CCR5 expression in the female genital tract
2014
Published version of an article from the journal: PLoS One. Also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098593 BACKGROUND: Schistosoma haematobium is a waterborne parasite that may cause female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), characterized by genital mucosal lesions. There is clinical and epidemiological evidence for a relationship between FGS and HIV. We investigated the impact of FGS on HIV target cell density and expression of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 in blood and cervical cytobrush samples. Furthermore we evaluated the effect of anti-schistosomal treatment on these cell populations. DESIGN: The study followed a case-control design with post treatment follow…
Gender differences in chronic HBsAg carriers in Italy: Evidence for the independent role of male sex in severity of liver disease
2015
It has been shown that sexual hormones have an opposite effect on hepatic fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Sex differences among 2,762 chronic HBsAg carriers consecutively referring Italian hospitals in 2001 and in 2007 have been evaluated, particularly focusing on the role of gender on severity of liver disease. The overall sex ratio (males/females) was 2.6. Females were more likely born abroad and new diagnosis cases; but less likely HIV coinfected. No sex difference was observed regarding coinfection with other hepatitis viruses. The sex ratio linearly increased with increasing severity of liver disease, being 1.3 in normal ALT, 2.8 in chronic hepatitis, 3.6…
Large retroperitoneal abscess extended to the inferior right limb secondary to a perforated ileal Crohn’s disease: the importance of the multidiscipl…
2016
The typical complications of Crohn's disease concerns small and large bowel. The full thickness inflammation of the intestinal wall develops in strictures, fistulas and abdominal abscesses. Nowadays the most accepted therapeutic for intra-abdominal abscess option is antibiotic therapy and, in case of need, percutaneous drainage of the abscess. If the abscess passes through the pelvic foramen the abscess can involve the inferior limbs. We report a case a perforation of terminal ileum in Crohn's disease complicated by a large abscess of the right iliac fossa reaching the spaces between the anterior lateral muscles of the right thigh as far as the anterior lateral pre-tibial region. We discuss…
The Influence of Infective Dose on the Virulence of a Generalist Pathogen in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Zebra Fish (Danio rerio)
2015
Pathogen density and genetic diversity fluctuate in the outside-host environment during and between epidemics, affecting disease emergence and the severity and probability of infections. Although the importance of these factors for pathogen virulence and infection probability has been acknowledged, their interactive effects are not well understood. We studied how an infective dose in an environmentally transmitted opportunistic fish pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, affects its virulence both in rainbow trout, which are frequently infected at fish farms, and in zebra fish, a host that is not naturally infected by F. columnare. We used previously isolated strains of confirmed high and low …
CUTANEOUS NEOFORMATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH COINFECTION BY ORF VIRUS AND ORTHOPOXVIRUS IN GOATS IN SICILY
2014
Parapoxvirus - ORF virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of contagious ecthyma, a severe zoonotic exanthematic disease that affects small ruminants. It is usually characterized by highly infectious pustules and papillomatous lesions on the skin of the lips, tongue, and around the mouth. In more severe cases, the skin of the eyes, feet, vulva or udder may also be affected. Orthopoxvirus has been sometimes associated with naturally spreading disease in domestic and wild animals. Parapoxvirus infection can be complicate by opportunistic agents, mainly Fusiformis necrophorus, Dermatophilus congolensis or be invaded by the larvae of flies. Little is reported on co-infection with other viruses. T…
Sex difference in the interaction of alcohol intake, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus on the risk of cirrhosis
2017
Background The joint effect of the interaction of alcohol intake, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the risk of cirrhosis is still unexplored because a large sample size is required for this investigation. Objective Evaluation of interaction of HBV, HCV and alcohol abuse on the risk of cirrhosis. Design We analysed 12,262 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease of various aetiologies referring to 95 Italian liver units in 2001 or 2014. To evaluate the interaction between alcohol abuse, HBV infection, and HCV infection, patients unexposed to either factors were used as reference category. Adjustment for BMI and age was done by multiple logistic regression analysi…
Predictors of therapy failure in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Beira, Mozambique.
2018
Abstract Objective Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, ranking in the top ten causes of death worldwide. A deep understanding of factors influencing poor treatment outcomes may allow the development of additional treatment strategies, focused on the most vulnerable groups. Aims of the study were: (i) to evaluate the treatment outcome among TB subjects followed in an outpatient setting and (ii) to analyze factors associated with treatment failure in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB in Beira, the second largest city of Mozambique. Results A total of 301 TB adult patients (32.6% females) were enrolled. Among them, 62 (20.6%) experienced a treatment failure over a 6…
Multiple infection dynamics has pronounced effects on the fitness of RNA viruses
2001
Several factors play a role during the replication and transmission of RNA viruses. First, as a consequence of their enormous mutation rate, complex mixtures of genomes are generated immediately after infection of a new host. Secondly, differences in growth and competition rates drive the selection of certain genetic variants within an infected host. Thirdly, but not less important, a random sampling occurs at the moment of viral infectious passage from an infected to a healthy host. In addition, the availability of hosts also influences the fate of a given viral genotype. When new hosts are scarce, different viral genotypes might infect the same host, adding an extra complexity to the comp…
Genotyping of a nosocomial outbreak of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009
2011
Background: Epidemiological surveys have revealed outbreaks of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in several different contexts. Molecular characterization of the influenza virus could help to provide a more accurate description of these outbreaks. Objective: To genotype pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 isolates from an epidemiologically defined nosocomial outbreak. Study design: We sequenced the neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) influenza A (H1N1) 2009 genes from ten HIV-positive patients involved in an epidemiologically defined outbreak in the Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (CMID) Department. Sequences were aligned to search for specific genetic features of the involv…