Search results for "Cold"
showing 10 items of 660 documents
Exploiting the Exiles: Soviet Émigrés in U.S. Cold War Strategy
2012
This article discusses the abortive U.S. government effort to organize Soviet émigrés after World War II. After years of a lack of interest on the part of both the United States and the Soviet Union, Soviet émigrés and émigré politics came to the fore with the onset of the Cold War. The U.S. government sought to use émigrés in political and psychological warfare against the Soviet bloc. The many studies that have looked at Cold War-era psychological warfare have largely ignored U.S. plans to enlist Soviet émigrés on the West's behalf. Attempts to create a political forum for anti-Bolshevik Soviet émigrés were broader than have been understood thus far, revealing important information about…
Terminological Games: The Finnish Security Police Monitoring the Far-Right Movements in Finland During the Cold War
2020
This article focuses on the use of terms and concepts related to the nationalist movements by the Finnish security police during the Cold War. The key objective of the security police was to protect the legal order of the state and monitor the groups and phenomena potentially harmful to that cause. The previous experience regarding the rise of the radical nationalism and fascism in Finland in the 1930s and the 1947 Paris peace treaties were the historical and legal contexts within which the interpretations were made. As the article shows, interpretation made by the security police, however, relied occasionally on a limited understanding about the evolving far-right scene, thus producing ter…
Forbidden and sublime forest landscapes: narrated experiences of Latvian national partisan women after World War II
2015
At the beginning of the Cold War, tens of thousands of Baltic people headed for the forests. It was the largest and longest such experience of human and forest interaction in the history of the three Baltic countries. The forest was turned into a political concept and had abruptly become a doubly sensitive zone: to the authorities it was a space of revolt subject to their control; to the locals, the forests were transformed into sites of both resistance and shelter when life was endangered. Based on recorded life story interviews, this article examines how women experienced the changes in their native landscapes after World War II in the occupied Baltic states, and what it meant for them to…
Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing.
2018
Environmental stress such as extremely warm or cold temperature is often considered a challenge to human health and body homeostasis. However, the human body can adapt relatively well to heat and cold environments, and recent studies have also elucidated that particularly heat stress might be even highly beneficial for human health. Consequently, the aim of the present brief review is first to discuss general cardiovascular and other responses to acute heat stress, followed by a review of beneficial effects of Finnish sauna bathing on general and cardiovascular health and mortality as well as dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk. Plausible mechanisms included are improved endothelial and …
How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis
2019
Background The health burden associated with temperature is expected to increase due to a warming climate. Populations living in cities are likely to be particularly at risk, but the role of urban characteristics in modifying the direct effects of temperature on health is still unclear. In this contribution, we used a multi-country dataset to study effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships by a range of city-specific indicators. Methods We collected ambient temperature and mortality daily time-series data for 340 cities in 22 countries, in periods between 1985 and 2014. Standardized measures of demographic, socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental indicators were d…
Comparing the effects of thermal and non-thermal technologies on pomegranate juice quality: A review.
2019
The consumption of pomegranate juice (PJ) has increased substantially since scientific literature reported its therapeutic benefits that are attributable to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, and anti- inflammatory properties. The growing consumer demands for fresh and high-quality food products have led to the interest in non- thermal technologies for preservation of fruit juices. Although thermal pasteurization is the most widely used preservation technology, it has adverse effects on the nutritional and sensory quality of juices. Conversely, non- thermal technologies are suitable alternatives for preservation and without negative effects on the quality. However, there is limi…
The Effect of Fluctuating Temperature on the Stability of Turoctocog Alfa for Hemophilia A
2019
Abstract Background and objective Factor VIII (FVIII) is indicated for the prevention or treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A. FVIII product stability under high and fluctuating temperatures is important, particularly for patients who reside in, or travel to, regions with high ambient temperatures, as they may remove their product from the refrigerator and return it, unused, multiple times. We evaluated the effect of variable temperature storage conditions, including up to 40 °C, on the stability of the recombinant FVIII product, turoctocog alfa. Methods Turoctocog alfa dry powder stability was assessed when moved between storage conditions of 5 °C (ambient humidity) and 40 °…
Relation between temperature and mortality in thirteen Spanish cities
2010
In this study we examined the shape of the association between temperature and mortality in 13 Spanish cities representing a wide range of climatic and socio-demographic conditions. The temperature value linked with minimum mortality (MMT) and the slopes before and after the turning point (MMT) were calculated. Most cities showed a V-shaped temperature-mortality relationship. MMTs were generally higher in cities with warmer climates. Cold and heat effects also depended on climate: effects were greater in hotter cities but lesser in cities with higher variability. The effect of heat was greater than the effect of cold. The effect of cold and MMT was, in general, greater for cardio-respirator…
Long-term changes of precipitation in Latvia
2010
This study investigated long-term variability and trends in Latvia's annual, seasonal, monthly and daily precipitation using data from 10 meteorological stations for the period 1925–2006 and from station Riga University for the period 1850–2006. The obtained results indicate that during the 20th century a significant increase in precipitation has occurred in the cold season while the warm period showed a decreasing tendency. The annual precipitation totals showed a slight decrease, at half of the studied stations, due to opposite tendencies in cold season and warm season. The long-term trend in the annual precipitation in Riga (from 1850) was positive with large interannual and interdecadal…
Survival of fish-virulent strains ofPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.damselaein seawater under starvation conditions
1998
The survival of fish-virulent strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in seawater microcosms, with and without sediment, was investigated. The strains survived as culturable bacteria at 14 and 22 degrees C for at least 1 year, and infectivity for fish was maintained. At 5 degrees C, cells lost culturability on solid media, but this was recovered when the temperature was increased to 22 degrees C. Finally, morphological changes in the bacterium (rod to coccus), and production of vesicles and extracellular material were observed during the time of starvation. The overall results suggest that seawater and sediment can act as reservoirs for these virulent strains.