Search results for "Colitis"

Protective effect of apocynin in a mouse model of chemically-induced colitis.

2013

Apocynin, a constituent of Picrorhiza kurroa, successfully inhibits NADPH oxidase and shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug. Now, we report anti-inflammatory effects of apocynin in an experimental colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium as well as the effects on the mediators involved in this process. Apocynin reduced the colitis induced in mice by administration of 5 % dextran sulfate sodium during 7 days. Mice were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 2 % of apocynin or 2 % of rutin. Sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg, p. o.) was used as a positive control. Treatment with apocynin and rutin ameliorated the course of colonic inflammation with results similar to those of the ref…

A48 COLITIS FAVORS THE EXPANSION OF BACTERIA THAT ACTIVATE PAR2 AMPLIFYING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

2020

Abstract Background Proteolytic imbalance has been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in different models of experimental colitis. Although the proteases reported to be increased are mainly from the host, the role of bacterial proteases has recently emerged, as they can promote inflammation, in part, through activation of Protease-activated receptors (PARs). PAR2 deficient mice are resistant to inflammation and PAR2 activation affects multiple aspects of the tissue response to injury. However, PAR2 communicates with other receptors such as toll-like and other PARs, which are important in multiple immune signaling pathways. Thus, the direct implication of PAR2 in…

Antinflammatory effect of Levorag® (THD) emulgel on radiation proctocolitis around a colo-anal anastomosis

2020

Caspase-8 regulates TNF-alpha induced epithelial necroptosis and terminal ileitis

2011

Two groups identify the regulation of death-receptor-induced necroptosis as an epithelial intrinsic mechanism that is important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the prevention of intestinal inflammation in mice. Welz et al. describe an unexpected physiological function for FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain), an adaptor protein required for death-receptor-induced apoptosis. Mice with intestinal epithelial specific knockout of FADD develop severe colon inflammation due to increased death of FADD-deficient colonic epithelial cells. Gunther et al. report a novel and unexpected function of caspase-8 in maintaining immune homeostasis in the gut. Caspase-8 expression by g…

Selective targeting of activated T cells in chronic intestinal inflammation

2009

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) has been implicated in normal biological processes as well as in the pathology of human diseases.1 The characterisation of genes involved in apoptosis has been pursued intensively and led to the identification of two major classes of genes: the bcl-2 family and the caspase family. Caspases are proteases that cleave their target substrates at specific peptide sequences and during apoptosis the activation of caspases takes place in a cascade fashion, leading to nuclear engulfment and cell death. Thus, caspases represent key functional components of the apoptosis pathway in human cells. Resistance against apoptosis is a key phenomenon in various chronic inflam…

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Herbal Preparations STW5 and STW5-II in Cytokine-Challenged Normal Human Colon Cells

2016

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing intestinal disorders characterized by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by invasion of immune cells to the intestinal lamina propria. Standard therapies consist of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Since clinical efficiency is not satisfactory and the established drugs have massive side effects, new strategies to treat IBD are required. Herein, we investigate the protective effect of the fixed combination herbal preparations STW5 and STW5-II and the contribution of the corresponding single components in an in vitro inflammation model. The normal human colon epithelial cell line, NCM460, was treated with S…

The lung in inflammatory bowel disease.

2000

Dzīves kvalitāte pacientiem ar iekaisīgo zarnu slimībām Latvijā

2017

Ievads: čūlains kolīts (ČK) un Krona slimība (KS) ir divas galvenās neizārstējamās iekaisīgu zarnu slimības (IZS), kuras bez slimībai specifiskajiem simptomiem būtiski ietekmē arī pacientu dzīves kvalitāti (DzK). Darba mērķi: Novērtēt pacientu ar IZS dzīves kvalitāti, korelāciju starp slimības gaitu un DzK, salīdzināt ČK un KS pacientu dzīves kvalitāti un noskaidrot, vai pastāv korelācija starp DzK un klīniskajiem un demogrāfiskiem rādītājiem. Materiāls un metodes: Tika atlasīti gan stacionēti, gan ambulatori pacienti, kuriem tika lūgts aizpildīt IZS anketu (IZSA), novērtējot sociālos, emocionālos u.c. aspektus, kā arī otru anketu ar vispārīgiem un demogrāfiskiem datiem. Rezultāti: Kopā pēt…

QSAR methods for the discovery of new inflammatory bowel disease drugs

2013

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents an important class of chronic gastrointestinal tract disease. And although there are already several useful treatments to reduce and control the symptoms, there is still no cure. One drug discovery technique used is the computer-aided (in silico) discovery approach which has largely demonstrated efficacy. Computational techniques, when used in combination with traditional drug discovery methodology, greatly increase the chance of drug discovery in a sustainable and economical fashion.This review aims to provide the most recent and important advances of in silico IBD drug discovery. While this review is mainly focused on QSAR methods, especially th…

The Enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile (ToxA) Monoglucosylates the Rho Proteins

1995

The enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile (ToxA) is one of the causative agents of the antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. In cultured monolayer cells ToxA exhibits cytotoxic activity to induce disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton, which is accompanied by morphological changes. ToxA-induced depolymerization of actin filaments is correlated with a decrease in the ADP-ribosylation of the low molecular mass GTP-binding Rho proteins (Just, I., Selzer, J., von Eichel-Streiber, C., and Aktories, K. (1995) J. Clin. Invest. 95, 1026-1031). Here we report on the identification of the ToxA-induced modification of Rho. Applying electrospray mass spectrometry, the mass of the modification…