Search results for "Commercial"

Spółka celowa jako podmiot komercjalizacji wyników badań naukowych - kilka uwag na tle obowiązującego stanu

2017

Panama and the WTO: new constitutionalism of trade policy and global tax governance

2017

"Corrigendum" in Review of International Political Economy, 24(4), p. 738 (DOI: 10.1080/09692290.2017.1332547). Tax havens and tax flight have lately received increasing attention, while interest toward multilateral trade policies has somewhat diminished. We argue that more attention needs to be paid exactly to the interrelations between trade and tax policies. Drawing from two case studies on Panama's trade disputes, we show how World Trade Organization (WTO) rules can be used both to resist attempts to sanction secrecy structures and to promote measures against tax flight. The theory of new constitutionalism can help to explain how trade treaties can 'lock in' tax policies. However, our c…

Kuurojen turvapaikanhakijoiden kielikäsityksien muokkautuminen turvapaikkaprosessin aikana

2021

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan kahden kuuron turvapaikanhakijan, Monan ja Omarin, kielikäsityksiä haastatteluaineiston pohjalta. Artikkelin tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä siitä, miten turvapaikkaprosessin aikaiset kokemukset kielistä ovat muokanneet haastateltavien käsityksiä kielistä ja kielikäytänteistä. Tutkimus perustuu lingvistiseen etnografiaan teoreettisena ja metodologisena lähestymistapana. Aineisto koostuu kolmesta etnografisesta haastattelusta, jotka tehtiin vuosina 2015–2017 vastaanottokeskuksissa ja haastateltavien uudessa kodissa. Aineisto on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksesta selviää, että haastateltavien kielikäsitykset ovat muokkautuneet tilassa, ajassa …

Hybridizing large neighborhood search and exact methods for generalized vehicle routing problems with time windows

2021

International audience; Delivery options are at the heart of the generalized vehicle routing problem with time windows (GVRPTW) allowing that customer requests are shipped to alternative delivery locations which can also have different time windows. Recently, the vehicle routing problem with delivery options was introduced into the scientific literature. It extends the GVRPTW by capacities of shared locations and by specifying service-level constraints defined by the customers' preferences for delivery options. The vehicle routing problem with delivery options also generalizes the vehicle routing problem with home roaming delivery locations and the vehicle routing problem with multiple time…

The Unexpected profile of agricultural innovators: evidence from an empirical study

2020

[EN] Innovation capacity is essential for farmers to remain competitive and overcome the challenges facing Mediterranean agricultural systems. Based on an extensive empirical study, this paper elucidates the common attributes of innovative farmers in the Region of Valencia (Spain). The model presented in this study investigates whether an innovative attitude can be explained by market-entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, individual profile traits and farm size. The findings provide insights into how age and experience affect innovation in agricultural smallholdings. The study shows that the most innovative farmers run large farms and have a strong market-entrepreneurial orient…

ROMANIAN SMES VERSUS THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISISIMPEDIMENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

2012

This paper studies the way small and medium sized enterprises have reacted towards the global financial crisis. It also attempts to study the impact this crisis had on both the activity of these enterprises and on the business mentality in Romania. The article studies the reasons which determined the SMEs’ vulnerability during the crisis; these belong to a wide range, spreading from the tightening of the financing options or of the activity, up to the management’s nature. The impact of the economic crisis is studied starting with the statistics in the specialty literature, which highlight the SMEs’ situation starting with 2008. Having as support these numbers, the paper analyzes the effects…

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES. A SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF THE DECISIONAL FACTORS AND PROCESS

2013

Having an increased complexity, the internationalization process of small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) becomes, in the context of globalization and of the freedom of circulation of goods, services, and capital, a decisive factor of both the evolution of the company and the economic force distribution report on the market. The evolution of the world economic system opened a wide action field for small and medium sized companies, who had to adapt to new rules. The internationalization of SMEs is no longer an option, but it becomes a condition of their existence. A high importance in this process belongs to the way decisions are made, both regarding the target market and the entry opti…

ECONOMIC CRISIS SUSTAINS BLACK MARKET

2012

The purpose of this research is to bring out the fact that during the periods of economic crisis, the black market finds a warm place to develop and even to diversify the ways of expressing. Based on some data of the National Institute of Statistics and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD1 ) , I’m trying to prove the fact that during the last two years while the world economic crisis has occurred, the black market has been increasing and there have been new forms of expressing this phenomenon. Although there are some positive ways of this phenomenon, on the whole, the increasing of the black market percent of GDP represents a wound within a healthy economy, whic…

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN SMES AND IN LARGE COMPANIES

2012

This article presents the importance of the decisional act in the entrepreneurial process, trying to emphasize its implications in various situations faced by managers and decision factors. Starting with the classic definition of the “decision” concept, this paper extends its meaning by applying it on the economic field and by deepening its meaning in the economic field, shaping the imperative requests a decision has to make. Narrowing the research field to the sphere of small and medium-sized enterprises, the analysis of the decision is made on their level, being built on the antithesis SME- large company. The results of the study consist in the appreciation of the importance the decision …

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING REGULATIONS ON FINANCIAL MARKETS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ROMANIA AS A EU MEMBER STATE

2018

Financial markets are increasingly becoming an area of major interest to the European Union in its efforts to achieve competitive global development levels similar to those of the United States. The Lisbon Agenda is a testimony to this, although the latest assessments are not at all optimistic about the achievement of the target as expected for 2010. To meet its objectives, the EU has generated a comprehensive package of regulatory initiatives, composed of directives and regulations that translate its policies into the field. The paper aims at a careful review of all of them. Approximation of investment and capital markets is made from the two major chapters of Community policies whose free…