Search results for "Common"

Ontogenetic shift in the trophic role of the invasive killer shrimp Dikerogammarus villosus: a stable isotope study

2021

AbstractThe introduction of the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus in European fresh waters is to date recognized as a threat to the integrity of invaded communities. Predation by D. villosus on native benthic invertebrates is assumed as the key determinant of its ecological impact, yet available information describe the species as a primary consumer as well as a carnivore depending on local conditions. Here, we assessed the trophic position (TP) of D. villosus in Lake Trasimeno, a recently invaded lentic system in central Italy, using the CN isotopic signatures of individuals captured in winter spanning two orders of magnitude in body size. TP estimations were compared with those characteriz…

2019

Predation risk and food: opposite effects on overwintering survival and onset of breeding in a boreal rodent

2012

1. In seasonal environments, optimal onset of breeding and survival plays major roles in individual fitness. Many physiological and behavioural factors related to breeding increase the risk of predation; thus, breeding decisions should be based on current risks and benefits. According to life-history theory, if current predation risk is high and breeding itself increases the risk, it may be beneficial to postpone breeding. 2. During winter in northern hemispheres, food availability is limited and is at its lowest just prior to the onset of breeding in spring. Food constraint may lead to poor condition and reduced ability to start breeding. 3. We studied the effects of food and predation ris…

Temporal variability in offspring quality and individual reproductive output in a broadcast-spawning marine fish

2017

Abstract The protracted spawning period of broadcast-spawning marine fishes has potential to generate considerable variability in metrics of individual reproductive output. We undertook a temporally detailed genetic study of larvae produced by Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from two spatially proximate populations spawning under controlled semi-natural conditions over 94 days. Based on daily samples of larvae (n = 4489 in total), we document fine-scaled temporal changes in, and correlates of, offspring phenotype and reproductive output (egg batches produced or fertilized). Larval length and standardized yolk-sac volume declined 11 and 49% over the spawning period, respectively. The adaptive si…

The use of a spatial model of economic efficiency to predict the most likely outcomes under different fishing strategy scenarios

2021

The current European Union has been progressively implementing since January 2014 a discard ban which includes the obligation to land unwanted catch for certain regulated species and sizes. Although a full enforcement of the landing obligation has a direct impact on discard reduction through more responsible and selective fishing, fishers argue that it will prompt both a decrease in incomes and an increase in working time onboard. Thus, the measure is in a hold in south-western waters due to the difficulties to implement the ban in mixed fisheries This paper analyzes some possible scenarios which fishers could face under the landing obligation. It is shown the construction of a spatial bio-…

Discard ban: A simulation-based approach combining hierarchical Bayesian and food web spatial models

2020

12 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables, 2 appendixes, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103703

Assessing multiple sources of data to detect illegal fishing, trade and mislabelling of elasmobranchs in Greek markets

2020

Abstract Elasmobranchs, extremely charismatic and threatened animals, still are an important economic source for fishers in many parts of the world, providing significant income through trade. Even though Greek seas host at least 67 elasmobranch species, our knowledge about their biology and ecology is to a large extent unknown. In the present study the integration of conventional (legislation, official data from fisheries landings and fish market value and import/export data) and unconventional (social media) sources of data, accompanied with the use of genetics, aim at outlining the elasmobranch fisheries and trade in Greece and identifying “weak spots” that sabotage their conservation. R…

Impediments to fisheries recovery in Canada: Policy and institutional constraints on developing management practices compliant with the precautionary…

2020

The status of many Canadian fisheries is poor, a consequence of inadequate implementation of sustainable fishery policy within the context of the Precautionary Approach (PA). A key component of implementation lies with the provision of science advice. Scientists are responsible for advising on options likely to meet policy intent and objectives. Here, we examine PA-compliance in the role of science in Canada's fisheries management decision-making. We distinguish science-based from science-determined decisions and processes. Science-based decisions emerge from consultation processes involving stakeholders; science need not always have a clear and accountable role that can be transparently se…

ABP1 Mediates Auxin Inhibition of Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis in Arabidopsis

2010

SummarySpatial distribution of the plant hormone auxin regulates multiple aspects of plant development. These self-regulating auxin gradients are established by the action of PIN auxin transporters, whose activity is regulated by their constitutive cycling between the plasma membrane and endosomes. Here, we show that auxin signaling by the auxin receptor AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1) inhibits the clathrin-mediated internalization of PIN proteins. ABP1 acts as a positive factor in clathrin recruitment to the plasma membrane, thereby promoting endocytosis. Auxin binding to ABP1 interferes with this action and leads to the inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our study demonstrates th…

Electrotechnologies applied to valorization of by-products from food industry: Main findings, energy and economic cost of their industrialization

2016

Abstract There has been a growing interest to reuse food waste and by-products from different processing steps, not only to ensure the environmental sustainability but also to improve the economic performance of the processes. One way of recovery that has raised more interest is the extraction of valuable compounds, which can be used as ingredients in food and pharmaceutical industries due to their technological function, nutritional properties, or their beneficial effects on human or animal health. In many cases, conventional solvent extraction cannot be economically feasible or involves the use of toxic solvents, hindering their subsequent management, or high temperatures, with consequent…