Search results for "Common"
showing 10 items of 20610 documents
Quantifying and easing conflicting goals between interest groups in natural resource planning
2019
Management of natural resources at the regional level is a compromise between a variety of objectives and interests. At the local level, management of the forests depends upon the ownership structure, with forest owners using their forests as they see fit. A potential conflict occurs if the forest owners’ management decisions are counter to the interests of society in general or the industry that relies on the forest resource as their raw material. We explore the intensity of this conflict at the regional level in several large boreal forest production landscapes. To explore the conflict, we investigate three main interest groups: (i) economically oriented forest owners; (ii) industry grou…
Estimating Missing Information by Cluster Analysis and Normalized Convolution
2018
International audience; Smart city deals with the improvement of their citizens' quality of life. Numerous ad-hoc sensors need to be deployed to know humans' activities as well as the conditions in which these actions take place. Even if these sensors are cheaper and cheaper, their installation and maintenance cost increases rapidly with their number. We propose a methodology to limit the number of sensors to deploy by using a standard clustering technique and the normalized convolution to estimate environmental information whereas sensors are actually missing. In spite of its simplicity, our methodology lets us provide accurate assesses.
Climate indices for the Baltic states from principal component analysis
2017
Abstract. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to derive climate indices that describe the main spatial features of the climate in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Monthly mean temperature and total precipitation values derived from the ensemble of bias-corrected regional climate models (RCMs) were used. Principal components were derived for the years 1961–1990. The first three components describe 92 % of the variance in the initial data and were chosen as climate indices in further analysis. Spatial patterns of these indices and their correlation with the initial variables were analyzed, and it was detected (based on correlation coefficient between principal compon…
Trends in global research in deforestation. A bibliometric analysis
2018
The main aim of this study was to analyse topics of research, scientific production, collaboration among countries, and most cited papers on deforestation through a bibliometric and social network study of articles found in the Web of Science database. The most productive subject areas corresponded to Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Environmental Studies. The articles were published in 458 different journals. A total of 2051 research articles were obtained. The main challenges identified for deforestation include “land use change” “conservation” “climate change” “rain forest” and “reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation”. Social and economic topics are understudied. An imp…
Modelling the Effects of Climate Change on the Supply of Inorganic Nitrogen
2009
Human-induced changes in the nitrogen cycle due to the increased use of artificial fertilisers, the cultivation of nitrogen-fixing crops and atmospheric deposition have made nitrogen pollution to surface waters a long-standing cause for concern. In Europe, legislation has been introduced to minimise the risk of water quality degradation from excessive nitrogen inputs e.g., the European Union Nitrates Directive (EU, 1991), Drinking Water Directive (EU, 1998) and Water Framework Directive (EU, 2000). Coastal regions in particular have been an important focus, since coastal eutrophication has been attributed to increased fluxes of nitrogen from the landscape (Howarth et al., 1996; Boesch et al…
Understanding deep learning in land use classification based on Sentinel-2 time series
2020
AbstractThe use of deep learning (DL) approaches for the analysis of remote sensing (RS) data is rapidly increasing. DL techniques have provided excellent results in applications ranging from parameter estimation to image classification and anomaly detection. Although the vast majority of studies report precision indicators, there is a lack of studies dealing with the interpretability of the predictions. This shortcoming hampers a wider adoption of DL approaches by a wider users community, as model’s decisions are not accountable. In applications that involve the management of public budgets or policy compliance, a better interpretability of predictions is strictly required. This work aims …
The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation
2017
Ortiz, José Luis et. al.
A search for time-dependent astrophysical neutrino emission with IceCube data from 2012 to 2017
2020
Abstract High-energy neutrinos are unique messengers of the high-energy universe, tracing the processes of cosmic ray acceleration. This paper presents analyses focusing on time-dependent neutrino point-source searches. A scan of the whole sky, making no prior assumption about source candidates, is performed, looking for a space and time clustering of high-energy neutrinos in data collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory between 2012 and 2017. No statistically significant evidence for a time-dependent neutrino signal is found with this search during this period, as all results are consistent with the background expectation. Within this study period, the blazar 3C 279, showed strong var…
Effects of climate change and land use intensification on regional biological soil crust cover and composition in southern Africa
2022
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) form a regular and relevant feature in drylands, as they stabilize the soil, fix nutrients, and influence water cycling. However, biocrust forming organisms have been shown to be dramatically vulnerable to climate and land use change occurring in these regions. In this study, we used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of biocrust-dominated pixels (NDVIbiocrust) obtained from hyperspectral and LANDSAT-7 data to analyse biocrust development over time and to forecast future NDVIbiocrust development under different climate change and livestock density scenarios in southern Africa. We validated these results by analysing the occurrence and compo…
Determination of water speciation in hydrous haplogranitic glasses with partial Raman spectra
2020
Abstract We use a mathematical approach to decompose the Raman water band at 3000 cm−1 to 3750 cm−1 into two partial Raman spectra corresponding to the individual Raman activity of the two water species, i.e., molecular water (H2Om) and OH-groups, present in hydrous rhyolitic glasses. The approach is based on a least-squares optimization algorithm and the assumption that the water band can be expressed as a linear combination of two partial Raman spectra. Our model makes no assumptions regarding the shape of the partial Raman spectra. The model input consists of about 700 Raman spectra from hydrous haplogranitic (HPG8) compositions with total water contents from 0.6 to 3.1 wt% and with know…