Search results for "Common"
showing 10 items of 20610 documents
Odour perception: A review of an intricate signalling pathway
2015
The perception of odours is the result of the complex processing of a signal, which initiates at peripheral receptors and ends in the brain. Along this pathway, olfactory signal processing proceeds through several steps; each step possesses its own complexity, and all steps are also intricately connected. This review aims to describe the main intricate steps of olfactory processing in mammals, some of which remain unclear, and the close associations and overlapping nature of these steps. The causes of both the complexity and the variability of olfactory signals are examined: the nature of olfactory receptors, involving the diversity of the genome; the spatial organization of the olfactory e…
Brain anatomy of the 4‐day‐old European rabbit
2018
International audience; The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a widely used model in fundamental, medical and veterinary neurosciences. Besides investigations in adults, rabbit pups are relevant to study perinatal neurodevelopment and early behaviour. To date, the rabbit is also the only species in which a pheromone - the mammary pheromone (MP) - emitted by lactating females and active on neonatal adaptation has been described. The MP is crucial since it contributes directly to nipple localisation and oral seizing in neonates, i.e. to their sucking success. It may also be one of the non-photic cues arising from the mother, which stimulates synchronisation of the circadian system du…
Stimulus Driven Functional Transformations in the Early Olfactory System.
2021
Olfactory stimuli are encountered across a wide range of odor concentrations in natural environments. Defining the neural computations that support concentration invariant odor perception, odor discrimination, and odor-background segmentation across a wide range of stimulus intensities remains an open question in the field. In principle, adaptation could allow the olfactory system to adjust sensory representations to the current stimulus conditions, a well-known process in other sensory systems. However, surprisingly little is known about how adaptation changes olfactory representations and affects perception. Here we review the current understanding of how adaptation impacts processing in …
High-risk soft tissue sarcomas treated with perioperative chemotherapy: Improving prognostic classification in a randomised clinical trial
2018
Background: Patients with extremity and trunk wall soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with high malignancy grade and size >5 cm are at high-risk of death. This risk varies depending also on other patient and tumour features, including histologic subtype. This study investigated whether a prognostic nomogram can improve risk assessment of these patients. Methods: Data from high-risk STS patients enrolled in a randomised controlled trial investigating different perioperative chemotherapy regimens were analysed. Ten-year probability of overall survival (OS) and incidence of distant metastasis (DM) were computed using the prognostic nomogram Sarculator (pr-OS and inc-DM, respectively). Tumour response a…
The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative program: Experience in Spain.
2017
214 Background: Patient care quality is a discipline that is being considered highly important in today’s healthcare. Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) is a referral worldwide in terms of quality for oncology practices. The ECO Foundation is a platform of experts representing the major Spanish hospitals involved in the treatment of cancer patients. ECO reached an agreement with QOPI in order to involve Spanish hospitals in the participation of the QOPI program. Methods: Two rounds of data collection were carried out (Fall 2015 and Spring 2016). Practices had to registered on-line and submit data into the platform provided by QOPI. ECO Foundation offers all centres the support of …
Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) in HER2-ve advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients (pts): What has changed over the time? Preliminary results of the VIC…
2017
e12552 Background: mCHT is the minimum biologically effective dose of a chemotherapeutic agent, given at regular dosing regimen with no prolonged drug free interval, that leads to anti-tumor activity. Old regimens included Cyclophosphamide-Methotrexate (CM), whereas in the last years new regimens, such as Vinorelbine (VRL) and Capecitabine (CAPE)-based have been developed. Aim of this observational retrospective ongoing study is to describe the use of mCHT in ABC pts across 5 years and the clinical characteristics of the pts together with efficacy of old (CM-like) vs new (VRL/CAPE-based) metronomic regimens in terms of response and disease control. Methods: We retrospectively identified fr…
The resistance related to targeted therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: Why has not the target been hit yet?
2016
Abstract: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor of the pleura with a poor prognosis. The most active first-line regimens are platinum compounds and pemetrexed. There is no standard second-line treatment in MPM. Advances in the understanding of tumor molecular biology have led to the development of several targeted treatments, which have been evaluated in clinical trials. Unfortunately none of the explored targeted treatments can currently be recommended as routine treatment in MPM. We reviewed the biological pathways involved in MPM, the clinical trials about targeted therapy, and possible related mechanisms of resistance. We suggest that specific genetic markers are n…
The Clinical Efficacy of Radium-223 for Bone Metastasis in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Italian Clinical Experience.
2017
<b><i>Background/Aim:</i></b> Prostate cancer frequently causes bone metastases and skeletal events that impair quality of life (QoL) and survival. The alpha emitter radium-223 is a new drug that improves treatment in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastases. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of radium-223. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective study we enrolled 48 subjects. Pain reduction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), time to first symptomatic skeletal event, and QoL were the variables we evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Radium-223 was well tolerated, with a m…
Intermittent targeted therapies and stochastic evolution in patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia
2016
Front line therapy for the treatment of patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is based on the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, namely imatinib or, more recently, axitinib. Although imatinib is highly effective and represents an example of a successful molecular targeted therapy, the appearance of resistance is observed in a proportion of patients, especially those in advanced stages. In this work, we investigate the appearance of resistance in patients affected by CML, by modeling the evolutionary dynamics of cancerous cell populations in a simulated patient treated by an intermittent targeted therapy. We simulate, with the Monte Carlo method, the stochastic evolu…
Involvement of non-coding RNAs in chemo- and radioresistance of colorectal cancer
2016
Despite recent progress in understanding the cancer signaling pathways and in developing new therapeutic strategies, however, the resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to chemo- and radiotherapy represents the main hurdle to the successful treatment, leading to tumor recurrence and, consequently, a poor prognosis. Therefore, overcoming drug and radiation resistance, enhancing drug and radiation sensitivity of CRC cells, and improving the effi cacy of chemo- and radiotherapy have an important signifi cance in the treatment of CRC. The identifi cation of new molecular biomarkers which can predict therapy response and prognosis is one of the most signifi cant aims in pharmacogenomics and…