Search results for "Communism"
showing 10 items of 112 documents
After the fall of the soviet union: the changing status of local governments in the republic of latvia
1999
When the Republic of Latvia gained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, one of Latvia's first priorities was to rebuild its system of local government. This article describes many of the problems local governments in Latvia faced after 50 years of communist rule. The article also discusses the new Latvian laws which changed the structure of local government in that country. Also discussed are Latvian central government institutions which impacted on local governments in general and local government finances in particular. The unique status of the Capitol City of Riga, Latvia's largest municipality is also reviewed in detail.
Is Communism to Blame for Political Disenchantment in Post-Communist Countries? Cohort Analysis of Adults' Political Attitudes
2014
In this article, we apply a new, original technique of cohort analysis to test empirically whether political disenchantment in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe can be linked to the previous political culture. On the basis of International Social Survey Programme 1996 and 2006 data we find a surprisingly similar and unique cohort effect in all analysed post-communist countries, reflecting persistent generational differences in perceived political competence (interest and understanding of political processes). However, the communist legacy does not seem to be important for explaining low self-efficacy or distrust in political authorities and their responsiveness to c…
Strategic Responses: A Survey Experiment on Opposition to Pension Reforms*
2013
The responses given in opinion polls on future policy reforms reflect both subjective expectations and preferences. We disentangle these factors using data from a controlled survey experiment conducted in Germany. At the time of the experiment, an increased retirement age had been proposed as part of a pension reform. Thus, the survey respondents faced an incentive to give biased responses. By understating their expected work ability at the age of retirement, they could make the increase of the retirement age a less attractive policy option. We find evidence for such strategic response behavior, and this strategic bias appears to be stronger in former communist East Germany.
La solidarité comme arme. Le Secours rouge international, une organisation de défense face à la répression du mouvement communiste (1918-1934)
2023
Ce texte reprend celui de la soutenance de thèse La solidarité comme arme. Le Secours rouge international, une organisation de défense face à la répression du mouvement communiste (1918-1934), qui s'est tenue le 9 décembre 2022 à l'université de Bourgogne. Le jury était composé de Serge Wolikow, professeur émérite de l'université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (président du jury), Jean Vigreux, professeur des universités à l'université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (directeur de thèse), Stéfanie Prezioso, professeure des universités à l'université de Lausanne (rapporteure), Antony Todorov, professeur des universités à la Nouvelle université bulgare de Sofia (rapporteur), Vanessa Codaccioni, maître…
Positive Youth Development in Bulgaria, Italy, Norway and Romania: Testing the Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the 5Cs Model
2021
This chapter applies the 5Cs model of PYD comprising competence, confidence, character, connection and caring among 1403 youth (M = 18.91 years) in Bulgaria (n = 196), Italy (n = 354), Norway (n = 564) and Romania (n = 289). These countries offer a novel and unique context to apply PYD as related comparative work with youth samples is rare across Eastern (Bulgaria and Romania), Southern (Italy) and Northern Europe (Norway). Further, Bulgaria and Romania are emerging nations following the collapse of the communism in late 1980s in contrast to Italy being a traditionally patriarchal country and social equity driven Norway. The chapter presents an empirical example that evaluates the factorial…
Glasgow ou l’Écosse urbaine dans les poèmes de Hugh MacDiarmid
2012
Hugh MacDiarmid is sometimes still thought a parochial poet, mostly interested in the depiction of rural Scotland. However, in the 1930s, he wrote several poems about the city of Glasgow but his work on urban predicaments has been largely forgotten. In his Glasgow sequence, MacDiarmid, along with many other writers in the 30s, redefines Scotland as an urban nation. Post-industrial Glasgow urges the whole country to ‘re-write’ itself and the canonical representation of rural Scotland to fade away. Scotland is mercilessly deconstructed in Glasgow 1938: Glasgow is no longer ‘a dear green place’, Scotland no longer a land of peasants but urban hell where filthy disease and dirty capitalism spre…
I poteri di Gramsci: Il dibattito con Bordiga tradotto e (ri-)pensato da Gérard Granel
2017
Questo contributo propone un close reading del saggio Gramsci et le pouvoir, pubblicato nel 1990, nel quale il pensatore e traduttore francese Gérard Granel analizza e commenta il dibattito tra Gramsci e Bordiga sulla questione dei consigli di fabbrica. Granel esamina il legame rispettivo dei due autori italiani al pensiero marxiano e rivela in che misura la “traduzione gramsciana” di concetti chiave come politica, proletariato e comunismo coglie il potenziale rivoluzionario dell’“evento Marx” al di là delle sue strumentalizzazioni ideologiche nei marxismi storici. This article is a close-reading of the essay Gramsci et le pouvoir, published in 1990 by the French thinker and translator Géra…
A Russian Radical Conservative Challenge to the Liberal Global Order : Aleksandr Dugin
2019
The chapter examines Russian political theorist Aleksandr Dugin’s (b. 1962) challenge to the Western liberal order. Even though Dugin’s project is in many ways a theoretical epitome of Russia’s contemporary attempt to profile itself as a regional great power with a political and cultural identity distinct from the liberal West, Dugin can also be read in a wider context as one of the currently most prominent representatives of the culturally and intellectually oriented international New Right. The chapter introduces Dugin’s role on the Russian right-wing political scene and his international networks, Russian neo-Eurasianism as his ideological footing, and his more recent “fourth political t…
Vive les Soviets. Un siècle d’affiches communistes
2012
International audience; "Vive les Soviets… À mort les Bolchos ! À la manière d’une histoire parallèle, deux livres se répondent. Les historiens Romain Ducoulombier et Nicolas Lebourg analysent et font revivre un siècle d’affiches communistes et anticommunistes.Fondée sur des collections privées exceptionnelles d’affiches politiques françaises du XXe siècle, cette histoire nous livre la guerre visuelle qui s’est livrée sur les murs de France. De Jaurès à Mélenchon et de Maurras à Le Pen, l’affiche est devenue un media majeur de propagande et d’influence sur les foules, avec ses codes, ses techniques et ses artistes. Esthétique ou brutale, complexe ou caricaturale, l’affiche politique illustr…
German fascism, Soviet communism, and Latvian nationalism in the education of Latvia (1940–1944)
2019
This article focuses on the position of leading Latvian pedagogues in cooperation with Nazi occupiers and the paradoxical transformation of Latvian nationalism into resistance against fascism and c...