Search results for "Community"

Mobile agents, globus and resource discovery

2004

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses grid technology and some related problem. The overview of grids, in terms of application fields and needed protocols is given. The common feature of all grid architectures is a coordinated and controlled resource sharing between the members of a dynamic multi-institutional virtual community. The members of such a community agree on which resources will be shared and which members of the community will be enabled to access these resources, thus defining a set of sharing rules and permissions. The Globus project is discussed, which is nowadays the de facto standard for grid environments, with emphasis on its resource discovery components. Finally, the …

The Beauty of the Commons? Consumers Participation in Food Community Networks

2012

Why are consumers increasingly joining farmers to co-produce and transact sustainable foods world-wide? May these networks be a new tool to promote sustainable practices? As stated by Sandler (2010): “Longitudinal collective action environmental problems are likely to be effectively addressed only by an enormous number of individuals each making a nearly insignificant contribution to resolving them”. Consumers-farmers networks may serve this scope by inducing individual actors to change their preferences towards sustainable products. However participation in these networks is still not well understood. On one hand new institutional economics explains consumers joining farmers in creating a n…

Functional Redundancy and Complementarities of Seed Dispersal by the Last Neotropical Megafrugivores

2013

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:22Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84873586375.pdf: 1508075 bytes, checksum: 7e697f6c67a83195e9b0cb525355980e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-07 Background: Functional redundancy has been debated largely in ecology and conservation, yet we lack detailed empirical studies on the roles of functionally similar species in ecosystem function. Large bodied frugivores may disperse similar plant species and have strong impact on plant recruitment in tropical forests. Th…

Chalcidoidea associated with seed capsules of Asphodelus

2010

Confronto tra la nematofauna delle monoculture di mais e quella dei sistemi erbacei

2023

Gli studi sugli effetti dell'agricoltura sulla biodiversità del suolo sono diventati molto importanti, al fine di proteggere la salute dell'ambiente e migliorare la qualità dell'agricoltura. Le comunità di nematodi hanno dimostrato di offrire un potente strumento ecologico per valutare gli effetti delle pratiche agricole sul suolo. La ricerca è stata condotta in una monocoltura di mais (della durata di 20 anni) e in un ecosistema erbaceo seminaturale, dominato da Festuca spp. e Trifolium spp.. Ciascun sistema è stato sottoposto a due diverse pratiche di gestione delle colture (input alto (H) e basso (L)). L'obiettivo era quindi quello di studiare gli effetti di due diversi ecosistemi e dive…

Chemical, biochemical and microbial diversity through a Pachic Humudept profile in a temperate upland grassland

2013

There is great interest in understanding the factors that drive soil microbial activity and community composition in upland grassland ecosystems. We investigated the role of vertical gradients of chemical properties and various soluble C and N pools on soil microbial community structure by using a combination of chemical and biochemical methods coupled with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) community fingerprinting and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling. Soil samples were collected at increasing depth from a temperate upland grassland. Soil organic matter-related pools (total organic C and total Kjeldahl N) and functionally related active pools (microbial biomass C an…

OVERVIEW OF SOME TECHNIQUES ON DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (A CASE STUDY IN ITALY)

2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mutualistic symbionts widespread among both cultivated and wild plants. They have different beneficial roles including stimulating plant growth and tolerance to wide varieties of biotic as well as abiotic stresses. So,the exact and optimize methods for quantification and detection of these fungi in roots and soils are necessary.These techniques are based on fungal sporesmorphological characterization as well as molecular characterization of fungi in soil or root samples.The work was carried out at the Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) in Turin. For this purpose, the AM fungal root colonization p…

The ectomycorrhizal community of Abies nebrodensis: preliminary results

2016

Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei is a Critically Endangered forest tree included in Appendix I of the Bern Convention and as a priority species in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive [1]. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies [2] and, more recently, a LIFE Natura project [3] allowed a marked improvement of health conditions of trees and of seedlings renewal. A first attempt to characterize the ectomycorrhizas of A. nebrodensis was carried out by Venturella & Rambelli [4]. In the frame of the activities of the II National Workshop of Ectomycorrhyza (Palermo, 2015), this paper reports the preliminary investigation carried out on the ectomycorrhyzal community of A. nebrodensis i…

Temporal and spatial variation of the algal community in a southern Mediterranean shallow system

2010

The algal community of a shallow system located in Western Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) has been investigated over 1 year in eight ponds (fredde). The spatio-temporal variation in total algal coverage, species richness and coverage in relation to environmental variables has been analysed. The algal community was very species-poor. A total of 50 taxa, mainly detached algae, were identified. A dominance of filamentous and foliose taxa was observed. Significant spatio-temporal differences in total algal coverage, species richness and coverage between the ponds of group A and those of group B were found. The separation into groups A and B was made a priori on the basis of different levels of prox…

Altered epiphyte community and sea urchin diet in Posidonia oceanica meadows in the vicinity of volcanic CO2 vents

2017

Ocean acidification (OA) predicted for 2100 is expected to shift seagrass epiphyte communities towards the dominance of more tolerant non-calcifying taxa. However, little is known about the indirect effects of such changes on food provision to key seagrass consumers. We found that epiphyte communities of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in two naturally acidified sites (i.e. north and south sides of a volcanic CO2 vent) and in a control site away from the vent at the Ischia Island (NW Mediterranean Sea) significantly differed in composition and abundance. Such differences involved a higher abundance of non-calcareous crustose brown algae and a decline of calcifying polychaetes in both acidif…