Search results for "Competition"

The Opportunities of Cluster Development in Borderland of Poland and the Czech Republic

2016

The cluster was defined according to the definition proposed by M.E. Porter as a specialized concentration of mutually competing and cooperating enterprises which gives them the ability to generate and maintain a competitive advantage. The most important element of the cluster are geographically concentrated companies from a single industry. A concentration of enterprises aggravates their mutual competition in the markets and factors of production and simultaneously produces external effects which are beneficial for them - for example, a greater influx of innovative resources and staff necessary for the smooth running of the production process or provision of services in their industry. Pol…

Coach-athlete perceived congruence between actual and desired emotions in karate competition and training

2018

Coaches can help athletes regulate emotions but would benefit from tools that help them accurately perceive athletes' emotions. In the present study, we investigated the use of video-recorded performances to compare 3 martial artists' ratings of desired and actual emotions with their coach's ratings. Results show how desired emotions progressively fluctuated throughout competition. Furthermore, desired and actual emotions differed between training and performance contexts. Finally, we report correlations between performance and perceived congruence in desired and actual emotions. Cumulatively, results offer support for the video-assisted recall of emotions as an intervention tool in develop…

Microorganisms and Biotic Interactions

2014

SPE IPM; Most ecosystems are populated by a large number of diversified microorganisms, which interact with one another and form complex interaction networks. In addition, some of these microorganisms may colonize the surface or internal parts of plants and animals, thereby providing an additional level of interaction complexity. These microbial relations range from intraspecific to interspecific interactions, and from simple short-term interactions to intricate long-term ones. They have played a key role in the formation of plant and animal kingdoms, often resulting in coevolution; they control the size, activity level, and diversity patterns of microbial communities. Therefore, they modul…

Competition Advocacy: Soft Power in Competitive Policy

2013

Abstract Changing market conditions stimulate modernization of criteria, norms and standards of competition regulation and methods of enforcement. Competition advocacy is a type of activity exercised by antimonopoly authorities to strengthen competitive environment without enforcement measures, through developing active cooperation with other government bodies and increasing the degree of understanding of the benefits of competition by the community.

Private Enforcement in Italy

2020

Directive 2014/104/EU on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of theEuropeanUnion has been transposed in Italy by means of LegislativeDecree no. 3 of 2017, whichlargely reproduces the Directive not only with regard to the structure but also in respect of the wording of the provisions. As with ot her Member States, for example France,Italian lawmakers opted to enact a lex specialis for antitrust damages actions and limited the implementation to what was necessary, without any amendment to the codes of Italy, neither to the Code of Civil Procedure nor to the Civil Code, the latter of which c…

Which technical factors explain competition performance in air rifle shooting?

2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the same shooting technical components determining performance in testing situation also affect performance in competition situation and how the technical skill level of these components changes from training to competition. Thirteen Finnish national (10) and junior national (3) rifle team members participated in the study. Participants were measured in competition and training situation within a five-day period. Shooting score, aiming point trajectory and postural balance were measured from both situations. Shooting performance decreased from training to competition situation (10.31 ± 0.13 vs. 10.14 ± 0.17, p < 0.05), accompanied by a de…

Effect of inter-individual variability and intraguild interferences on the foraging strategies of seed-eating carabid species

2017

Making a choice requires, implicitly, an investment of time in one behaviour at the expense of an investment in another. Being choosy would increase the risk of losing many food item opportunities to competitors, and is directly in conflict with other essential tasks such as predator avoidance. Individuals are thus expected to adjust their level of choosiness in response to the competition and predation context. The available behavioural ecological theory and the empirical ecology of carabids would suggest that competition and predation interference induces changes in the foraging behaviour of carabid individuals. Carabids typically operate within communities in which competition and predat…

The path to privatization of EU antitrust enforcement: a critical estimate (欧盟反垄断法私人执行的批判)

2012

TAX COMPETITION E GIUSTIZIA SOCIALE NELL'UNIONE EUROPEA

2019

Il fenomeno della concorrenza fiscale tra Stati è ormai noto da tempo, ma è soprattutto negli ultimi quindici anni che esso è cresciuto fino ad assumere una dimensione di particolare rilievo. A questo fenomeno non è rimasta estranea l’Europa, ove la tax competition si è sviluppata fondamentalmente attraverso due processi. Il primo è la <> delle aliquote dell’imposta sul reddito delle società. Basti pensare, a riguardo, che nel periodo 1995-2014, il tasso medio UE-28 di quelle aliquote è diminuito di 12 punti percentuali. Il secondo processo, che ha riguardato principalmente le multinazionali di più grosse dimensioni (e, prime fra esse, quelle del settore digitale) è noto come Base Ero…

Controverses autour du choix de l'école : les leçons de l'étranger

2001

Cet article présente les débats autour du choix de l'école qui prennent place aujourd'hui, de plus en plus souvent, dans les pays étrangers, ainsi que les politiques qui ont été mises en place. Ces politiques, autant que les justifications idéologiques et théoriques qui les fondent, apparaissent de fait très variées. On examine également ce que l'on sait, au vue des recherches disponibles, de l'effet de ces politiques, sur l'efficacité et l'équité des systèmes éducatifs, résultats assez contrastés, et très dépendants des dispositifs concrets de choix retenus dans les divers pays. La spécificité de la situation française est alors soulignée. Enfin, les enjeux du choix de l'école sont discuté…