Search results for "Compost"
showing 10 items of 226 documents
Chemins de Compostelle en terre comtoise
2002
La fin du XXe siècle et le début du IIIe millénaire sont témoins d'un renouveau certain des grands voyages de pèlerinage (200 000 pèlerins à pied arrivés à St-Jacques de Compostelle en 1999, 2000 et 2001, contre 9 millions en voiture). Cet engouement est extrêmement récent, puisqu'une centaine de pèlerins seulement avaient été comptabilisés à l'arrivée à Santiago en 1975, et 2 500 en 1986.
Ash in composting of source-separated catering waste.
2004
Our earlier experiments in small composters (220 l) indicated the favourable effect of ash from co-incineration of sorted dry waste on the composting of catering waste. The aim of this new study was to clarify further, at a scale of 10 m3, the feasibility of using similar ash as an additive in composting.Source-separated catering waste was mixed with bulking agent (peat and wood chips) and fuel ash from a small (4 MW) district heating power plant. Three compost mixes (CM) were obtained: CM I with 0%, CM II with 10% and CM III with 20 wt.% of fuel ash. These three different mixes were composted in a 10-m3 drum composter as three parallel experiments for 2 weeks each, from January to April 20…
Respirometric Index and Biogas Potential of Different Foods and Agricultural Discarded Biomass
2016
The biological stability of biomass is an important parameter for treatment plant design, process control or compost use. Measuring the biological reactivity of waste with the help of indicators such as respirometric indexes (RI) becomes an important tool to prevent the significant environmental impact of biodegradable wastes in accordance with European legislation. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the RI technique as a tool to establish further uses of biomass such as fertilizer or biogas. The respirometric process length for different types of biomass (grape marc, apple pomace and olive pomace) was quantified. Higher moisture content seemed to favor the biological activi…
Aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill sludges
1997
The feasibility of aerobic vessel composting and anaerobic digestion for the treatment of pulp and paper mill sludges were studied. The composting studies made use of primary and secondary sludge from a de-inking and paper mill. In six parallely aerated 500 1 vessels with various carbon : nitrogen (C:N) -ratios, the most optimal performance was obtained with C:N -ratios of c. 22–35, while higher and lower ratios delayed the temperature increase. With the optimal ratios, the thermophilic stage was reached within 36 h, and the stage lasted for about seven days. In the scale-up study (18 m3 compost vessel), the thermophilic stage was reached within 24 h. An effective dehydratation of the mass …
Bioaccessibility Study of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Bread Enriched with Fermented Milk Whey and/or Pumpkin
2021
The presence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products remains a significant issue. The use of natural ingredients such as pumpkin and whey, which contain bioactive compounds, could be a strategy to reduce the use of conventional chemical preservatives. The aim of the present work was to study the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) in bread, as well as to evaluate the effect of milk whey (with and without lactic acid bacteria fermentation) and pumpkin on reducing mycotoxins bioaccessibility. Different bread typologies were prepared and subjected to an in vitro digestion model. Gastric and intestinal extracts were analyzed by HPLC–MS/qTOF and mycotoxins bio…
Opakowania z biotworzyw –przyszłość? Czy w przyszłości nowy problem środowiskowy?
2020
Problem odpadów opakowaniowych z tworzyw sztucznych wciąż wymaga poszukiwania skutecznych rozwiązań. W artykule przedstawiono wytyczne Komisji Europejskie z marca 2019 roku w zakresie działań ograniczających składowanie zużytych opakowań na wysypiskach śmieci. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono biotworzywom, stosowanym w produkcji opakowań, które -zgodnie z zapewnieniami ich producentów –mogą być składowane z odpadami organicznymi i ulegać wraz z nimi procesom biodegradacji lub kompostowania. Dzięki temu ich stosowanie mogłaby istotnie wpłynąć na zmniejszenie ilości odpadów opakowaniowych odprowadzanych na składowiska śmieci, jak równieżprzyczynić się do nie zalegania ich wśrodowisku naturalnym tak…
Review on Physiological Effects of Vermicomposts on Plants
2020
Vermicompost is a type of organic fertilizer produced by earthworms and their symbiotic microorganisms. In addition to nutrient-rich organic fraction, vermicomposts also contain plant-available soluble minerals as well as substances with plant growth-regulating activity. In order to promote understanding on beneficial effects of vermicompost in different farming systems, the aim of the present review is to analyze possible mechanisms of vermicompost action on plants. After overview of plant growth-affecting activity of vermicomposts at the level of seed germination and vegetative growth, detailed analysis is dedicated to physiological effects associated with mineral nutrition: changes in bo…
Carbohydrates as Chemical Constituents of Biowaste Composts and their Humic and Fulvic Acids
1995
The decomposition of organic matter of source-separated biowaste during composting was followed during 18 months. Compost samples were fractionated into three parts: (i) hot water soluble extract (HWE) (ii) bitumen fraction and (iii) humic substances (humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA)). Original compost samples and the HA and FA fractions were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid for hexoses and pentoses. Quantitative spectrophotometric and qualitative GC/MS analyses of monosaccharides as trimethylsilyl ethers of the corresponding alditols were carried out.During composting, the amount of HA in the organic matter of the compost increased, the amounts of HWE and bitumen decreased and the amoun…
Fe(II) spin crossover complexes of a derivative of 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (1-bpp) functionalized with a carboxylic acid in the 3-pyridyl posit…
2019
Abstract The preparation of a new bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (1-bpp) derivative functionalized with a carboxylic acid in the 3-pyridyl position, bpp3-COOH ligand is reported together with the structure and spin-crossover (SCO) properties of [FeII(bpp3-COOH)2](ClO4)2·0.5EtOH·0.5H2O (1). Magnetic properties of 1 indicate that LS is favored. Desolvation leads to a gradual and incomplete SCO. Solvated and desolvated compounds show LIESST effect.
Heteroleptic Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Complexes Based on a 2,6-Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-type Ligand Functionalized with a Carboxylic Acid
2019
Two new heteroleptic complexes [Fe- (1bppCOOH)(3bpp-bph)](ClO4)2·solv (1·solv, solv = various solvents; 1bppCOOH = 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)- isonicotinic acid; 3bpp-bph = 2,6-bis(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) and [Fe(1bppCOOH)- (1bppCOOEt)](ClO4)2 ·0.5Me2CO (2·0.5Me2CO, 1bppCOOEt = ethyl 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)isonicotinate) were designed and prepared. The heteroleptic compound 1· solv was obtained by the combination of stoichiometric amounts of Fe(ClO4)2, 1bppCOOH, and 3bpp-bph, and it was designed to fine-tune the spin crossover (SCO) properties with respect to the previously reported homoleptic compound [Fe(1bppCOOH)2](ClO4)2. Indeed, the introduction of a new subs…