Search results for "Compound"

Ethanol inhibits astroglial cell proliferation by disruption of phospholipase D-mediated signaling.

2002

The activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is a common response to mitogenic stimuli in various cell types. As PLD-mediated signaling is known to be disrupted in the presence of ethanol, we tested whether PLD is involved in the ethanol-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in rat cortical primary astrocytes. Readdition of fetal calf serum (FCS) to serum-deprived astroglial cultures caused a rapid, threefold increase of PLD activity and a strong mitogenic response; both effects were dependent on tyrosine kinases but not on protein kinase C. Ethanol (0.1-2%) suppressed the FCS-induced, PLD-mediated formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) as well as astroglial cell proliferation in a concentration…

Re: A New Suture Material for Hypospadias Surgery: A Comparative Study

2009

Endocannabinoid anandamide mediates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

2013

Endocannabinoids are important regulators of organ homeostasis. Although their role in systemic vasculature has been extensively studied, their impact on pulmonary vessels remains less clear. Herein, we show that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is a key mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent metabolites. This is underscored by the prominent vasoconstrictive effect of AEA on pulmonary arteries and strongly reduced HPV in FAAH(-/-) mice and wild-type mice upon pharmacological treatment with FAAH inhibitor URB597. In addition, mass spectrometry measurements revealed a clear increase of AEA and the FAAH-dependent metabolite arac…

Cross-Sectional Associations between HDL Structure or Function, Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition, and Inflammation in Elderly Adults.

2022

Background Cell membrane fatty acid composition has been related to inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Dysregulation of HDL functionis also considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Objective We aimed to investigate whether the content of cell membrane fatty acids and HDL functionality are linked to each other as well as to inflammation. Methods This cross-sectional analysis involved 259 participants (67.9 y) with overweight/obesity (body mass index 29.5 kg/m2) from a coronary heart disease case-control study nested within the PREDIMED trial for which HDL functional parameters (Apolipoproteins (Apo) A-1, A-IV and C-III, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), HDL oxidative inflammatory index (…

Primary Biliary Cholangitis management: controversies, perspectives, and daily practice implications from an expert panel

2020

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare progressive immune-mediated liver disease that, if not adequately treated, may culminate in end-stage disease and need for transplantation. According to current guidelines, PBC is diagnosed in the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) or specific antinuclear antibodies, and of a cholestatic biochemical profile, while biopsy is recommended only in selected cases. All patients receive ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in first line; the only registered second-line therapy is obeticholic acid (OCA) for UDCA-inadequate responders. Despite the recent advances in understanding PBC pathogenesis and developing new treatments, many grey areas remain. Si…

Urinary Albumin Excretion

2005

During the past few years, a subtle increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) not detectable by routine methods, microalbuminuria, has become a prognostic marker for cardiovascular and/or renal risk in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Consequently, microalbuminuria assessment is now recommended in a risk stratification strategy not only in diabetic subjects but also for hypertension management. Microalbuminuria is defined as UAE from 30 to 300 mg/24 hours or equivalent amounts using timed overnight or spot urine samples (Table). The definition comes from studies that have established its value as a marker of risk for nephropathy in diabetic subjects. When the potential prognostic value …

Association between the retinal vascular network, cardiovascular history and risk factors in the elderly

2017

IF 3.157; International audience; PurposeTo identify patterns summarizing the retinal vascular network in the elderly and to investigate the relationship of these vascular patterns with cardiovascular history.MethodsWe conducted a population-based study, the Montrachet study (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases), in participants older than 75 years. History of cardiovascular disease and a score-based estimation of their 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality (Heart SCORE) were collected. Retinal vascular network analysis was performed by means of Singapore “I” Vessel Assessment (SIVA) software. Principal component analysis was used to condense the informatio…

Haemodynamic effects of long-term administration of sildenafil in normotensive pregnant and non-pregnant rats

2011

Please cite this paper as: Pellicer B, Herraiz S, Cauli O, Rodrigo R, Asensi M, Cortijo J, Serra V, Morcillo E, Felipo V, Simon C, Pellicer A. Haemodynamic effects of long-term administration of sildenafil in normotensive pregnant and non-pregnant rats. BJOG 2011;118:615–623. Objective  To determine the effects of chronic administration of sildenafil citrateon healthy pregnant rats. Design In vivo animal experimental study. Setting  Fundacion IVI–Instituto Universitario IVI, Valencia, Spain. Sample  Pregnant and non-pregnant Wistarrats exposed to chronic administration of sildenafil. Methods  Placental cross-barrier and feto-maternal relationship levels, maternal blood pressure, and haemody…

Perivascular nerve fiber α-synuclein regulates contractility of mouse aorta: A link to autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

2010

Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders associated to changes in alpha-synuclein often result in autonomic dysfunction, most of the time accompanied by abundant expression of this synaptic protein in peripheral autonomic neurons. Given that expression of alpha-synuclein in vascular elements has been previously reported, the present study was undertaken to determine whether alpha-synuclein directly participates in the regulation of vascular responsiveness. We detected by immunohistochemistry perivascular nerve fibers containing alpha-synuclein in the aorta of mice while aortic endothelial cells and muscular fibers themselves did not exhibit detectable levels of this protein…

Nitric oxide triggers mammary gland involution after weaning: remodelling is delayed but not impaired in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase

2010

During mammary gland involution, different signals are required for apoptosis and tissue remodelling. To explore the role of NO in the involution of mammary tissue after lactation, NOS2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase)-KO (knockout) mice were used. No apparent differences were observed between NOS2-KO and WT (wild-type) animals during pregnancy and lactation. However, upon cessation of lactation, a notable delay in involution was observed, compared with WT mice. NOS2-KO mice showed increased phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 5 during weaning, concomitant with increased beta-casein mRNA levels when compared with weaned WT glands, both hallmarks of th…