Search results for "Computational model"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Discovering prominence and its role in language processing: an individual (differences) approach
2015
Abstract It has been suggested that, during real time language comprehension, the human language processing system attempts to identify the argument primarily responsible for the state of affairs (the “actor”) as quickly and unambiguously as possible. However, previous work on a prominence (e.g. animacy, definiteness, case marking) based heuristic for actor identification has suffered from underspecification of the relationship between different cue hierarchies. Qualitative work has yielded a partial ordering of many features (e.g. MacWhinney et al. 1984), but a precise quantification has remained elusive due to difficulties in exploring the full feature space in a particular language. Feat…
Contextual diversity is a main determinant of word identification times in young readers.
2013
Recent research with college-aged skilled readers by Adelman and colleagues revealed that contextual diversity (i.e., the number of contexts in which a word appears) is a more critical determinant of visual word recognition than mere repeated exposure (i.e., word frequency) (Psychological Science, 2006, Vol. 17, pp. 814-823). Given that contextual diversity has been claimed to be a relevant factor to word acquisition in developing readers, the effects of contextual diversity should also be a main determinant of word identification times in developing readers. A lexical decision experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual diversity and word frequency in young readers (child…
Computational modeling in cognitive science: a manifesto for change.
2012
Computational modeling has long been one of the traditional pillars of cognitive science. Unfortunately, the computer models of cognition being developed today have not kept up with the enormous changes that have taken place in computer technology and, especially, in human-computer interfaces. For all intents and purposes, modeling is still done today as it was 25, or even 35, years ago. Everyone still programs in his or her own favorite programming language, source code is rarely made available, accessibility of models to non-programming researchers is essentially non-existent, and even for other modelers, the profusion of source code in a multitude of programming languages, written witho…
Nanoscale oxide growth on Al single crystals at low temperatures: Variable charge molecular dynamics simulations
2006
We investigate the oxidation of aluminum low-index surfaces [(100), (110), and (111)] at low temperatures (300-600 K) and three different gas pressure values. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with dynamic charge transfer between atoms where the interaction between atoms is described by the Es+ potential composed of the embedded atom method (EAM) potential and an electrostatic contribution. In the considered temperature range and under different gas pressure conditions, the growth kinetics follow a direct logarithmic law where the oxide thickness is limited to a value of ∼3 nm. The fitted curves allow us to determine the temperature and the pressure dependencies of the parameters i…
Modelling, Simulation and Characterization of a Supercapacitor in Automotive Applications
2022
In the energy storage field, supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining more and more attention thanks to features such as high-power density, high life cycles and lack of maintenance. In this article, an improved SC three-branches model which considers the residual charge phenomenon is presented. The procedure to estimate the model parameters and the related experimental set-up are presented. The parameter estimation procedure is repeated for several SCs of the same type. The average parameters are then obtained and used as initial guesses for a recursive least square optimization algorithm, to increase the accuracy of the model. The model of a single SC is then extended to SC banks, testing differ…
Modeling a Melody Recognition Task using a Cohort Network
2009
Dalla Bella, Peretz, and Aronoff studied the effects of musical familiarity on melody recognition by comparing performance between musicians and nonmusicians in a melody gated-presentation (MGP) task. They identified three events in this task which were the familiarity emergence point (FEP), the isolation point (IP), and the recognition point (RP). The FEP occurred earlier in musicians than nonmusicians, but the IP occurred earlier in nonmusicians. Finally, the RP occurred slightly earlier in musicians. We simulated the qualitative results of the MGP task using a connectionist simulation of the cognitive processes underlying the emergence of these three events. We call this a melody cohort …
Integration of different cardiac electrophysiological models into a single simulation pipeline
2012
Clinical translation of computational models of the heart has been hampered by the absence of complete and rigorous technical and clinical validation, as well as benchmarking of the developed tools. To address this issue, a dataset containing the cardiac anatomy and fibre orientations from magnetic resonance images (MRI), as well as epicardial transmembrane potentials from optical mapping acquired on ex-vivo porcine hearts, have previously been made available to the community. Image processing techniques were developed to integrate MRI images with electrical information. Different models were tested and compared with the integrated data1, including: i) a new methodology to customize and reg…
Modelización computacional cardiaca
2020
[EN] Cardiovascular diseases currently have a major social and economic impact, constituting one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Personalized computational models of the heart are demonstrating their usefulness both to help understand the mechanisms underlying cardiac disease, and to optimize their treatment and predict the patient's response. Within this framework, the Spanish Research Network for Cardiac Computational Modelling (VHeart-SN) has been launched. The general objective of the VHeart-SN network is the development of an integrated, modular and multiscale multiphysical computational model of the heart. This general objective is addressed through the following spe…
Computational Identification of Chemical Compounds with Potential Activity against Leishmania amazonensis using Nonlinear Machine Learning Techniques.
2019
Leishmaniasis is a poverty-related disease endemic in 98 countries worldwide, with morbidity and mortality increasing daily. All currently used first-line and second-line drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis exhibit several drawbacks including toxicity, high costs and route of administration. Consequently, the development of new treatments for leishmaniasis is a priority in the field of neglected tropical diseases. The aim of this work is to develop computational models those allow the identification of new chemical compounds with potential anti-leishmanial activity. A data set of 116 organic chemicals, assayed against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, is used to develop the the…
Monte Carlo simulations of high-energy electron beams : model validation and dose calculations
2017
Komponenttisäteilytykseen valjastetusta Varian Clinac 2100 C/D -lineaarikiihdyttimestä luotiin Monte Carlo -menetelmiä hyödyntävä simulaatiomalli. Malli luotiin aineen ja säteilyn vuorovaikutuksien laskennalliseen mallintamiseen tarkoitettua Geant4 -ohjelmointityökalupakettia käyttäen. Mallin kyky ennustaa mittaustuloksia kiihdyttimen tuottamasta 20 MeV:in elektronisuihkusta todennettiin laskettuja ja mitattuja tuloksia vertailemalla, ja mallin jatkokehityksen kannalta tärkeimmät toimenpiteet määriteltiin. Lisäksi arvioitiin mallin ennustamaa absorpoitunutta annosta vesi- ja piifantomeissa, sekä laskettiin viitearvo absorpoituneen annoksen ja elektronivuon suhteelle. Lasketut annosprofiilit…