Search results for "Computer Science Applications"

showing 10 items of 3993 documents

Elastic scattering studies of 16C at 50 MeV/A on proton and deuteron targets with the CHIMERA multidetector at INFN-LNS

2012

At the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) in Catania (Italy), light radioactive ion beams have been produced through the In Flight Fragmentation method, using 18O and 13C at 55 MeV/A as primary beams impinging on a 9Be production target. Elastic scattering angular distributions of 16C+p and 16C+d at 50 MeV/A, 10Be+p at 56 MeV/A and 13B+d at 52 MeV/A systems were measured by using the CHIMERA (Charge Heavy Ion Mass and Energy Resolving Array) multidetector and kinematical coincidence technique. The experimental data are fitted by using the optical model. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Radioactive ion beamsElastic scatteringPhysicsradioactive ion beamHistoryPhysics::Medical Physicselastic scatteringtaggingCoincidenceComputer Science ApplicationsEducationNuclear physicsPhysics and Astronomy (all)DeuteriumFragmentation (mass spectrometry)Physics::Accelerator PhysicsHeavy ionAtomic physicsNuclear Experiment
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A complementary laser system for ISOLDE RILIS

2011

The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) is a powerful tool for efficient and selective production of radioactive ion beams at Isotope Separator On Line (ISOL) facilities. To avoid isobaric background, highly selective stepwise resonant ionization is applied, using up to three different laser wavelengths. Due to their advantages in terms of stability and reliability, an all solid-state titanium:sapphire (Ti:Sa) system is used or is planned to be installed at the majority of on-line facilities worldwide. Such an all solid-state Ti:Sa laser system is going to be installed at the ISOLDE RILIS at CERN alongside the well-established dye laser system.

Radioactive ion beamsHistoryDye laserbusiness.industryChemistryRadiochemistryPhysics::OpticsHighly selectiveLaserIon sourceComputer Science ApplicationsEducationlaw.inventionlawIonizationResonance ionizationSapphirePhysics::Accelerator PhysicsOptoelectronicsPhysics::Atomic PhysicsNuclear ExperimentbusinessJournal of Physics: Conference Series
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Estimation of Personalized Minimal Purkinje Systems From Human Electro-Anatomical Maps

2021

The Purkinje system is a heart structure responsible for transmitting electrical impulses through the ventricles in a fast and coordinated way to trigger mechanical contraction. Estimating a patient-specific compatible Purkinje Network from an electro-anatomical map is a challenging task, that could help to improve models for electrophysiology simulations or provide aid in therapy planning, such as radiofrequency ablation. In this study, we present a methodology to inversely estimate a Purkinje network from a patient's electro-anatomical map. First, we carry out a simulation study to assess the accuracy of the method for different synthetic Purkinje network morphologies and myocardial junct…

Radiological and Ultrasound Technologybusiness.industryComputer scienceHeart VentriclesMyocardiumNetwork structureTherapy planningPattern recognitionComputer Science ApplicationsPurkinje FibersElectrocardiographyElectrophysiologyHumansComputer SimulationTime errorArtificial intelligenceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessHeart structureContraction (operator theory)SoftwareIEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
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A fully automatic approach for multimodal PET and MR image segmentation in gamma knife treatment planning

2017

The aim of this study is to combine Biological Target Volume (BTV) segmentation and Gross Target Volume (GTV) segmentation in stereotactic neurosurgery.Our goal is to enhance Clinical Target Volume (CTV) definition, including metabolic and morphologic information, for treatment planning and patient follow-up.We propose a fully automatic approach for multimodal PET and MR image segmentation. This method is based on the Random Walker (RW) and Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) algorithms. A total of 19 brain metastatic tumors, undergone stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery, were retrospectively analyzed. A framework for the evaluation of multimodal PET/MRI segmentation is presented, considering volume…

Radiotherapy PlanningBrain tumorHealth Informatics02 engineering and technologyFuzzy C-means clusteringRadiosurgeryBrain tumorsMultimodal ImagingING-INF/05 - SISTEMI DI ELABORAZIONE DELLE INFORMAZIONI030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciencesComputer-Assisted0302 clinical medicineRandom walker algorithm0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringHumansMedicineSegmentationComputer visionRadiation treatment planningCluster analysisImage resolutionPET/MR imagingModality (human–computer interaction)Brain Neoplasmsbusiness.industryRadiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedINF/01 - INFORMATICAMultimodal therapymedicine.diseaseRandom Walker algorithmMagnetic Resonance ImagingComputer Science ApplicationsBrain tumorGamma knife treatmentPositron-Emission Tomography020201 artificial intelligence & image processingMultimodal image segmentationBrain tumors; Fuzzy C-means clustering; Gamma knife treatments; Multimodal image segmentation; PET/MR imaging; Random Walker algorithm; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Radiosurgery; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedArtificial intelligencebusinessGamma knife treatmentsSoftware
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Second-order tensorial calibration for kinetic spectrophotometric determination

1996

Abstract Kinetic-diode array spectrophotometric detection, as well as other multichannel techniques when used in non-equilibrium conditions, constitute second-order instrumentation. The second-order response provided will be bilinear, under certain conditions even trilinear, thus allowing the use of the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) and the trilinear decomposition method (TLD). Both numerically simulated and experimental data were used to evaluate the performance of these calibration techniques. The conditions in which the ‘second-order advantage’ (the possibility of quantifying the analytes in the presence of unknown reactions or interferences) is preserved were investigated.…

Rank (linear algebra)ChemistryProcess Chemistry and TechnologyInstrumentationAnalytical chemistryBilinear interpolationKinetic energyComputer Science ApplicationsAnalytical ChemistryReaction rate constantCalibrationData analysisSpectroscopySoftwareGramChemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems
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Low-Rank Tucker-2 Model for Multi-Subject fMRI Data Decomposition with Spatial Sparsity Constraint

2022

Tucker decomposition can provide an intuitive summary to understand brain function by decomposing multi-subject fMRI data into a core tensor and multiple factor matrices, and was mostly used to extract functional connectivity patterns across time/subjects using orthogonality constraints. However, these algorithms are unsuitable for extracting common spatial and temporal patterns across subjects due to distinct characteristics such as high-level noise. Motivated by a successful application of Tucker decomposition to image denoising and the intrinsic sparsity of spatial activations in fMRI, we propose a low-rank Tucker-2 model with spatial sparsity constraint to analyze multi-subject fMRI dat…

Rank (linear algebra)Computer scienceMatrix normlow-rankmatrix decompositionsymbols.namesaketoiminnallinen magneettikuvausOrthogonalitytensorsTensor (intrinsic definition)Kronecker deltaTucker decompositionHumansElectrical and Electronic Engineeringcore tensorsparsity constraintRadiological and Ultrasound Technologybusiness.industrysignaalinkäsittelyfeature extractionsparse matricesBrainPattern recognitionbrain modelingMagnetic Resonance Imagingfunctional magnetic resonance imagingComputer Science ApplicationsConstraint (information theory)data modelssymbolsNoise (video)Artificial intelligencebusinessmulti-subject fMRI dataSoftwareAlgorithmsTucker decomposition
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Periodic Classification of Local Anaesthetics (Procaine Analogues)

2006

Algorithms for classification are proposed based on criteria (information entropyand its production). The feasibility of replacing a given anaesthetic by similar ones in thecomposition of a complex drug is studied. Some local anaesthetics currently in use areclassified using characteristic chemical properties of different portions of their molecules.Many classification algorithms are based on information entropy. When applying theseprocedures to sets of moderate size, an excessive number of results appear compatible withdata, and this number suffers a combinatorial explosion. However, after the equipartitionconjecture, one has a selection criterion between different variants resulting fromc…

Rank (linear algebra)Periodic table (large cells)principal component analysisperiodic tableCatalysisInorganic ChemistryCombinatoricslcsh:ChemistryOrder (group theory)procaine analogue.Physical and Theoretical Chemistrylocal anaestheticMolecular Biologylcsh:QH301-705.5SpectroscopyEquipartition theoremMathematicsConjectureEntropy productionOrganic Chemistryinformation entropyGeneral MedicineComposition (combinatorics)periodic lawComputer Science Applicationsperiodic propertyStatistical classificationclassificationlcsh:Biology (General)lcsh:QD1-999equipartition conjecturecluster analysisInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Two Job Cyclic Scheduling with Incompatibility Constraints

2001

The present paper deals with the problem of scheduling several repeated occurrences of two jobs over a finite or infinite time horizon in order to maximize the yielded profit. The constraints of the problem are the incompatibilities between some pairs of tasks which require a same resource.

Rate-monotonic schedulingMathematical optimizationJob shop schedulingComputer scienceStrategy and ManagementDistributed computingFlow shop schedulingDynamic priority schedulingManagement Science and Operations ResearchFair-share schedulingMultiprocessor schedulingComputer Science ApplicationsNurse scheduling problemManagement of Technology and InnovationTwo-level schedulingBusiness and International ManagementComputer Science::Operating Systems
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Mechanism change in a simulation of peer review: from junk support to elitism

2014

Abstract Peer review works as the hinge of the scientific process, mediating between research and the awareness/acceptance of its results. While it might seem obvious that science would regulate itself scientifically, the consensus on peer review is eroding; a deeper understanding of its workings and potential alternatives is sorely needed. Employing a theoretical approach supported by agent-based simulation, we examined computational models of peer review, performing what we propose to call redesign, that is, the replication of simulations using different mechanisms. Here, we show that we are able to obtain the high sensitivity to rational cheating that is present in literature. In additio…

Rational cheatingComputer scienceCheatingmedia_common.quotation_subjectSocial Sciences(all)PrudenceLibrary and Information Sciences050905 science studiesArticlePeer reviewRestrained cheatersmedia_commonComputational modelAgent-based simulationMechanism (biology)05 social sciencesGeneral Social SciencesBDI approachData scienceReplication (computing)EpistemologyComputer Science ApplicationsMechanism change0509 other social sciences050904 information & library sciencesLawElitismScientometrics
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A Rayleigh-Ritz approach for postbuckling analysis of variable angle tow composite stiffened panels

2018

Abstract A Rayleigh-Ritz solution approach for generally restrained multilayered variable angle tow stiffened plates in postbuckling regime is presented. The plate model is based on the first order shear deformation theory and accounts for geometrical nonlinearity through the von Karman’s assumptions. Stiffened plates are modelled as assembly of plate-like elements and penalty techniques are used to join the elements in the assembled structure and to apply the kinematical boundary conditions. General symmetric and unsymmetric stacking sequences are considered and Legendre orthogonal polynomials are employed to build the trial functions. A computer code was developed to implement the propose…

Rayleigh–Ritz methodEngineeringSource codemedia_common.quotation_subjectComposite numberStructure (category theory)02 engineering and technologyPhysics::Fluid Dynamics0203 mechanical engineeringGeneral Materials ScienceBoundary value problemSettore ING-IND/04 - Costruzioni E Strutture AerospazialiVariable angle tow composites Composite stiffened plates Postbuckling analysis Rayleigh-Ritz method First Order Shear DeformationLegendre polynomialsCivil and Structural Engineeringmedia_commonbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringStructural engineering021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyFinite element methodComputer Science Applications020303 mechanical engineering & transportsModeling and SimulationOrthogonal polynomials0210 nano-technologybusinessComputers & Structures
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