Search results for "Computer simulation"

showing 10 items of 1054 documents

Single-shot digital holography
by use of the fractional Talbot effect

2009

We present a method for recording in-line single-shot digital holograms based on the fractional Talbot effect. In our system, an image sensor records the interference between the light field scattered by the object and a properly codified parallel reference beam. A simple binary two-dimensional periodic grating is used to codify the reference beam generating a periodic three-step phase distribution over the sensor plane by fractional Talbot effect. This provides a method to perform single-shot phase-shifting interferometry at frame rates only limited by the sensor capabilities. Our technique is well adapted for dynamic wavefront sensing applications. Images of the object are digitally recon…

Optics and PhotonicsHolographyHolographyPhysics::Opticslaw.inventionImaging Three-DimensionalOpticslawImage Processing Computer-AssistedTalbot effectComputer SimulationImage sensorWavefrontPhysicsbusiness.industryLasersTalbot effectReproducibility of ResultsEquipment DesignFrame rateAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsInterferometryInterferometryReference beamImagebusinessDigital holographyOptics Express
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Absorption Properties of Metal–Semiconductor Hybrid Nanoparticles

2011

The optical response of hybrid metal-semiconductor nanoparticles exhibits different behaviors due to the proximity between the disparate materials. For some hybrid systems, such as CdS-Au matchstick-shaped hybrids, the particles essentially retain the optical properties of their original components, with minor changes. Other systems, such as CdSe-Au dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles, exhibit significant change in the optical properties due to strong coupling between the two materials. Here, we study the absorption of these hybrids by comparing experimental results with simulations using the discrete dipole approximation method (DDA) employing dielectric functions of the bare components as input…

Optics and PhotonicsMaterials sciencemetalJanus particlesMetal NanoparticlesPhysics::OpticsGeneral Physics and AstronomyNanoparticleNanotechnologyJanus particlesDielectricSulfidesDiscrete dipole approximationAbsorptionotpical absorption; metal; semiconductor; nanoparticleshybrid nanoparticlesplasmonCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceMicroscopy Electron TransmissionQuantum DotsCadmium CompoundsElectrochemistryNanotechnologyComputer SimulationGeneral Materials ScienceAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)PlasmonexcitonGeneral Engineeringotpical absorptionsemiconductorCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectSemiconductorsMetalsQuantum dotChemical physicsHybrid systemnanoparticlesGoldDDAACS Nano
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Linear and nonlinear optical properties of some organoxenon derivatives

2007

We employ a series of state-of-the-art computational techniques to study the effect of inserting one or more Xe atoms in HC2H and HC4H, on the linear and nonlinear optical (L&NLO) properties of the resulting compounds. It has been found that the inserted Xe has a great effect on the L&NLO properties of the organoxenon derivatives. We analyze the bonding in HXeC2H, and the change of the electronic structure, which is induced by inserting Xe, in order to rationalize the observed extraordinary L&NLO properties. The derivatives, which are of interest in this work, have been synthesized in a Xe matrix. Thus the effect of the local field (LF), due to the Xe environment, on the properties of HXeC2…

Optics and PhotonicsNonlinear opticsXenonChemical PhenomenaCoupled cluster calculations ; Nonlinear optics ; Optical properties ; Perturbation theory ; SCF calculations ; VB calculationsGeneral Physics and AstronomyElectronic structurePerturbation theoryMatrix (mathematics)Coupled cluster calculationsComputer SimulationComplete active spacePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPerturbation theory:FÍSICA::Química física [UNESCO]Local fieldOptical propertiesChemistryChemistry PhysicalNonlinear opticsUNESCO::FÍSICA::Química físicaNonlinear systemVB calculationsModels ChemicalNonlinear DynamicsSCF calculationsValence bond theoryAtomic physics
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Simultaneous remote extraction of multiple speech sources and heart beats from secondary speckles pattern

2009

The ability of dynamic extraction of remote sounds is very appealing. In this manuscript we propose an optical approach allowing the extraction and the separation of remote sound sources. The approach is very modular and it does not apply any constraints regarding the relative position of the sound sources and the detection device. The optical setup doing the detection is very simple and versatile. The principle is to observe the movement of the secondary speckle patterns that are generated on top of the target when it is illuminated by a spot of laser beam. Proper adaption of the imaging optics allows following the temporal trajectories of those speckles and extracting the sound signals ou…

Optics and PhotonicsSound SpectrographyTime FactorsBackscatterComputer scienceComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONImage processingBlind signal separationSpeech AcousticsSpeckle patternOpticsPosition (vector)HumansScattering RadiationComputer SimulationModels StatisticalFourier AnalysisPixelbusiness.industrySignal Processing Computer-AssistedEquipment DesignMyocardial ContractionAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsNeural Networks ComputerbusinessPhase modulationAlgorithmsSoftwareOptics Express
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Adaptive design optimization: a mutual information-based approach to model discrimination in cognitive science.

2010

Discriminating among competing statistical models is a pressing issue for many experimentalists in the field of cognitive science. Resolving this issue begins with designing maximally informative experiments. To this end, the problem to be solved in adaptive design optimization is identifying experimental designs under which one can infer the underlying model in the fewest possible steps. When the models under consideration are nonlinear, as is often the case in cognitive science, this problem can be impossible to solve analytically without simplifying assumptions. However, as we show in this letter, a full solution can be found numerically with the help of a Bayesian computational trick d…

Optimal designCognitive scienceModels StatisticalArtificial neural networkbusiness.industryCognitive NeuroscienceDesign of experimentsBayesian probabilityPosterior probabilityStatistical modelBayes TheoremMutual informationDensity estimationCognitionDiscrimination PsychologicalArts and Humanities (miscellaneous)Nonlinear DynamicsResearch DesignHumansComputer SimulationArtificial intelligencebusinessMathematicsNeural computation
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Multiobjective optimization of an ultrasonic transducer using NIMBUS

2005

The optimal design of an ultrasonic transducer is a multiobjective optimization problem since the final outcome needs to satisfy several conflicting criteria. Simulation tools are often used to avoid expensive and time-consuming experiments, but even simulations may be inefficient and lead to inadequate results if they are based only on trial and error. In this work, the interactive multiobjective optimization method NIMBUS is applied in designing a high-power ultrasonic transducer. The performance of the transducer is simulated with a finite element model, and three design goals are formulated as objective functions to be minimized. To find an appropriate compromise solution, additional pr…

Optimal designMathematical optimizationTransducerAcoustics and UltrasonicsComputer simulationComputer scienceUltrasonic sensorTrial and errorOutcome (game theory)Multi-objective optimizationFinite element methodUltrasonics
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An enhanced memetic differential evolution in filter design for defect detection in paper production.

2008

This article proposes an Enhanced Memetic Differential Evolution (EMDE) for designing digital filters which aim at detecting defects of the paper produced during an industrial process. Defect detection is handled by means of two Gabor filters and their design is performed by the EMDE. The EMDE is a novel adaptive evolutionary algorithm which combines the powerful explorative features of Differential Evolution with the exploitative features of three local search algorithms employing different pivot rules and neighborhood generating functions. These local search algorithms are the Hooke Jeeves Algorithm, a Stochastic Local Search, and Simulated Annealing. The local search algorithms are adap…

PaperQuality ControlMathematical optimizationPopulationEvolutionary algorithmmultimeme algorithmsdigital filter designArtificial IntelligenceImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedFIR filterHumansIndustryLocal search (optimization)Computer Simulationmemetic algorithmseducationMetaheuristicMathematicsProbabilityedge detectioneducation.field_of_studyElectronic Data ProcessingStochastic ProcessesModels Statisticalbusiness.industrydifferential evolutionpaper productionModels TheoreticalComputational MathematicsFilter designDifferential evolutionSimulated annealingMemetic algorithmbusinessAlgorithmsSoftware
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Rates, polarizations, and asymmetries in charmless vector-vector B meson decays

2003

With a sample of approximately 89 million BBbar pairs collected with the BABAR detector, we perform a search for B meson decays into pairs of charmless vector mesons (phi, rho, and K*). We measure the branching fractions, determine the degree of longitudinal polarization, and search for CP violation asymmetries in the processes B->phiK*+, B->phiK*0, B->rho0K*+, and B->rho0rho+. We also set an upper limit on the branching fraction for the decay B->rho0rho0.

Particle physicsMesonBABARElectron–positron annihilationHadronFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyElementary particleResonancePARTICLE PHYSICS; PEP2; BABAR01 natural sciencesNOHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh energy physicHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Particle decayElectromagnetic calorimeterPolarizationProbability density function0103 physical sciences[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]PEP2B mesonDecay dynamic010306 general physicsPhysicsCalorimeter010308 nuclear & particles physicsBranching fractionCP-ASYMMETRIES VIOLATION SEARCH B->VVColliding beam acceleratorComputer simulationDecay rateMonte Carlo methodCrystallographyPARTICLE PHYSICSCP violationHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentParticle detectorProton
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Measurements of the branching fractions and bounds on the charge asymmetries of charmless three-body charged B decays.

2003

We present measurements of branching fractions and charge asymmetries for charmless B-meson decays to three-body final states of charged pions and kaons. The analysis uses 81.8 fb^-1 of data collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric B Factory. We measure the branching fractions B(B+ -> pi+ pi- pi+) = (10.9 +/- 3.3 +/- 1.6) x 10^-6, B(B+ -> K+ pi- pi+) = (59.1 +/- 3.8 +/- 3.2) x 10^-6, and B(B+ -> K+ K- K+) = (29.6 +/- 2.1 +/- 1.6) x 10^-6, and provide 90% C.L. upper limits for other decays. We observe no charge asymmetries for these modes.

Particle physicsMesonBABARHadronCharged particleGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesElementary particlePARTICLE PHYSICS; PEP2; BABAR01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentNuclear physicsParticle decayHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)PionSEARCH0103 physical sciencesPEP2[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]B meson010306 general physicsProbabilityPhysics010308 nuclear & particles physicsBranching fractionCerenkov counterComputer simulationB-factoryMonte Carlo methodParticle beamNuclear physicPARTICLE PHYSICSBranching fractionStorage ringParticle beam trackingPhysical review letters
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Desipramine induces disorder in cholesterol-rich membranes:implications for viral trafficking

2009

In this study, the effect of desipramine (DMI) on phospholipid bilayers and parvoviral entry was elucidated. In atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, DMI was found to introduce disorder in cholesterol-rich phospholipid bilayers. This was manifested by a decrease in the deuterium order parameter S(CD) as well as an increase in the membrane area. Disordering of the membrane suggested DMI to destabilize cholesterol-rich membrane domains (rafts) in cellular conditions. To relate the raft disrupting ability of DMI with novel biological relevance, we studied the intracellular effect of DMI using canine parvovirus (CPV), a virus known to interact with endosomal membranes and sphingomyelin, as …

Parvovirus CanineEndosomeBiophysicsPhospholipidBiologyAntidepressive Agents Tricyclicchemistry.chemical_compoundDogsStructural BiologyDesipraminemedicineAnimalsComputer SimulationMolecular BiologyCells CulturedMolecular StructureVesicleCell MembraneDesipramineCell BiologyRaftDisease Models AnimalMembraneCholesterolchemistryBiochemistryBiophysicslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Sphingomyelinhuman activitiesIntracellularmedicine.drug
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