Search results for "Computer"

Hume’s Guillotine Resolved

2020

According to Hume’s guillotine, one cannot derive values from facts. Since intelligent systems are fact processors, one can ask how ethical machines can be possible. However, ethics is a real-life process. People analyze actions and situations emotionally and cognitively. Thus they learn rules, such as “this situation feels good/bad.” The cognitive analysis of actions is associated with emotional analysis. The association of action, emotion and cognition can be termed a primary ethical schema. Through an ethical information process in which emotions and cognitions interact in social discourse, primary ethical schemas are refined into ethical norms. Each component of the process is different…

Empathy in Technology Design and Graffiti

2021

This paper discusses empathic understanding, what it means, and how it can be acquired. After an overview of some theories and models from the existing literature, two experiments are presented, where participants were assessing graffiti works. From the results of these experiments, it can be concluded that empathic understanding involves both embodied processes and abstract inferences. Furthermore, understanding can be based on perceived, mechanistic bodily similarities and movements or on folk-psychological inferences mentalized between the observer/empathizer and an object/empathized. Empathic understanding it can also be gained by recognizing and implementing learned bodily skills and c…

Interacting with intelligent agents : key issues in agent-based decision support system design

2010

Survival by colon cancer stage and screening interval in Lynch syndrome:a prospective Lynch syndrome database report

2019

Abstract Background We previously reported that in pathogenic mismatch repair (path_MMR) variant carriers, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was not reduced when colonoscopy was undertaken more frequently than once every 3 years, and that CRC stage and interval since last colonoscopy were not correlated. Methods The Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD) that records outcomes of surveillance was examined to determine survival after colon cancer in relation to the time since previous colonoscopy and pathological stage. Only path_MMR variants scored by the InSiGHT variant database as class 4 or 5 (clinically actionable) were included in the analysis. Results Ninety-nine path_MMR ca…

On Assessing Vulnerabilities of the 5G Networks to Adversarial Examples

2022

The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning is recognized as the key enabler for 5G mobile networks which would allow service providers to tackle the network complexity and ensure security, reliability and allocation of the necessary resources to their customers in a dynamic, robust and trustworthy way. Dependability of the future generation networks on accurate and timely performance of its artificial intelligence components means that disturbance in the functionality of these components may have negative impact on the entire network. As a result, there is an increasing concern about the vulnerability of intelligent machine learning driven frameworks to adversarial effects. In …

Finnish 5th and 6th grade students' pre-instructional conceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) and their implications for AI literacy education

2022

In the present paper, we report the findings of a qualitative survey study of 195 Finnish 5th and 6th grade students' pre-instructional conceptions of artificial intelligence (AI). An exploration of these initial conceptions provides insight into students' preliminary understanding of the topic and informs curriculum designers and teachers about misconceptions that might jeopardize student learning. The findings suggest that students' initial conceptions of AI are varied and often uninformed. For instance, references to the role of data in training AI applications were practically nonexistent. Instead, AI was often described as an anthropomorphic technology that possesses cognitive qualitie…

Mixed learning approach to teaching ethics in leadership and management: A case course in a multicultural group

2015

The purpose of the paper is to analyse how a mixed learning approach (MLA) (e.g. case studies, applied drama) can facilitate teaching and learning ethics in business management. Partners from five different countries organized an international higher education course in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The aim of the course was to provide the students with skills to evaluate and solve ethical problems constructively in a multicultural group. This case portrays the benefits and challenges of the MLA and discusses what it takes from teachers and students to make the use of the approach successful. peerReviewed

Pedagogical Foundation and Significance of the ICT Studies for the Teacher Trainees in Their Studies

2017

Finnish national core curriculum (2014) highlights the important of ICT. A strong theoretical model and pedagogical understanding are needed for the innovative teaching use of technology. In this study we describe theoretical background of our ICT education and development of teacher trainees ICT-skills and pedagogical understanding. The students' study module is based on Mishra and Koehler’s TPACK-model (2006).The data was collected during two years from two student groups (N=52). Results indicated that, in general, the studies have made it possible to acquire the technological competence and to combine the pedagogical knowledge with the technology. The results of the study clearly state t…

Samsung and Volkswagen Crisis Communication in Facebook and Twitter : A Comparative Study

2017

Since September 2015 at least two major crises have emerged where major industrial companies producing consumer products have been involved. In September 2015 diesel cars manufactured by Volkswagen turned out to be equipped with cheating software that caused NO2 and other emission values to be reduced to acceptable levels while tested from the real, unacceptable values in normal use. In August 2016 reports began to appear that the battery of a new smart phone produced by Samsung, Galaxy Note7, could begin to burn, or even explode, while the device was on. In Nov. 2016 also 34 washing machine models were reported to have caused damages due to disintegration. In all cases, the companies have …

Driver Distraction Detection Using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Network Based on Multiscale Entropy of EEG

2022

Driver distraction diverting drivers' attention to unrelated tasks and decreasing the ability to control vehicles, has aroused widespread concern about driving safety. Previous studies have found that driving performance decreases after distraction and have used vehicle behavioral features to detect distraction. But how brain activity changes while distraction remains unknown. Electroencephalography (EEG), a reliable indicator of brain activities has been widely employed in many fields. However, challenges still exist in mining the distraction information of EEG in realistic driving scenarios with uncertain information. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Multi-scale entrop…