Search results for "Concentration effect"

showing 10 items of 80 documents

Morphology of PEO/PDMS blends during shear: Coexistence of two droplet/matrix structures and additive effects

2005

Abstract The morphologies of blends of polyethyleneoxide (PEO 37) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (PDSM), with viscosity ratios, λ , of approximately one (PDMS 230) or 2.8 (PDMS 314, being the component of higher viscosity) and interfacial tensions on the order of 10 mN/m, were investigated at 70 °C as a function of shear rate (up to 10 s −1 ) and of time. For the system PEO 37/PDMS 230 we have also studied the influence of the compatibilizer dimethyl–ethyleneoxide–copolymer (PDMS- co -PEO), which is only reasonably soluble in PEO. To investigate the morphologies we have used an optical shear cell in combination with a light microscope. The most important observation consists in the formation o…

Coalescence (physics)Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistryConcentration effectlaw.inventionShear rateShear (geology)Optical microscopeChemical engineeringlawPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryCopolymerPolymer blendShear flowPolymer
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Polyorganosiloxane nanoparticles as optical tracers

2007

Polyorganosiloxane microgels have been synthesized by polycondensation in a microemulsion of trimethoxysilanes. Highly crosslinked rather monodisperse particles of radius about 10 nm are obtained.

ColloidChemistryDispersityAnalytical chemistryNanoparticleConcentration effectMicroemulsionRadiusHard spheresLight scattering
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Fluorimetric determination of 1-naphthol and mixtures of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in micellar media

1990

The interaction of 1-naphthol with different types of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants has been studied spectrofluorimetrically in order to obtain a sensitivity enhancement in the determination of this compound. At neutral pH, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) provides a 2-fold sensitivity enhancement of 1-naphthol and exhibits a weak interaction with carbaryl. In strong alkaline medium carbaryl is hydrolyzed to 1-naphthol and in the presence of CTAB micells, a 5-fold sensitivity enhancement and a limit of detection of 0.2 μg·ml−1 with a 101±3% percentage of recovery is obtained. These facts permit the development of an accurate method for the fluorimetric analysis of 1-nap…

Detection limitAmmonium bromidechemistry.chemical_compoundChromatographyChemistryCarbaryl1-NaphtholCationic polymerizationFluorescence spectrometryConcentration effectBiochemistryMicelleFresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry
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Experimental study of boulder concentration effect on flow resistance in gravel bed channels

2021

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated that for open channel flows the power velocity profile can be integrated to obtain the flow resistance law. In this paper the relationship between Γ coefficient of the power velocity distribution, the channel slope and Froude number (Eq. (9) ) is firstly presented. Then the measurements carried out in a laboratory flume covered by hemispheric elements for two different hydraulic conditions (partially inundated and inundated) are used to calibrate this relationship. These elements are placed with a square arrangement and have a concentration range 4–64%. For the two investigated hydraulic conditions, this analysis demonstrates that the relationship to e…

Dimensional analysiFlow velocity profileMaterials scienceConcentration effectSoil scienceSurface finishScale factorOpen-channel flowSelf-similarityFlumeGravel bedsymbols.namesakeFlow resistanceCalibrationRange (statistics)Froude numbersymbolsBoulder concentrationEarth-Surface ProcessesCATENA
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Effect of plasticizers (water and glycerol) on the diffusion of a small molecule in iota-carrageenan biopolymer films for edible coating application.

2006

Translational diffusion of a fluorescein probe has been measured in iota-carrageenan edible films containing different amounts of glycerol (0, 15, 30, and 45%), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. The effects of this plasticizer as well as the plasticizing effect of water on the diffusion of fluorescein have been studied in this edible coating mainly composed of natural biopolymer. Diffusion coefficients of about 10(-13) m2 s(-1) have been measured in these films for water activity (aw) lower than 0.7. Above this water content threshold, fluorescein translational diffusion coefficient increases up to 10(-12) m2 s(-1). Another interesting information obtained…

GlycerolPolymers and PlasticsWater activitySurface PropertiesDiffusionConcentration effectBioengineeringengineering.materialCarrageenanBiomaterialsDiffusionchemistry.chemical_compoundFood PreservationPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryGlycerolFluoresceinMolecular StructurePlasticizerWaterMembranes ArtificialCarrageenanMolecular WeightchemistryChemical engineeringengineeringBiopolymerFluorescence Recovery After PhotobleachingBiomacromolecules
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Characterization and magnetic properties of nanoparticles based on FePt solid solution with an oxide shell

2015

Abstract We present the results of magnetic properties investigations of ferromagnetic nanoparticles which ensembled with ferromagnetic shell. The aim of this work is to study the connection of structure–phase composition and thermal treatment with the magnetic properties, partially, with the coercive force and the exchange bias field in a two-dimension spin system of core–shell type. It is found that the exchange bias field increases with the growth of the oxide shell thickness. This is realized by annealing in a dosed oxygen flow. The decrease of the coercive force with the increase of annealing temperature is connected with the concentration effect (the concentration of ferromagnetic par…

Materials scienceCondensed matter physicsAnnealing (metallurgy)OxideNanoparticleConcentration effectCoercivityCondensed Matter PhysicsMagnetic hysteresisElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencechemistry.chemical_compoundExchange biaschemistryFerromagnetismJournal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
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Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures in supercritical domain: Effect of the metal salt concentration (Zn(NO3)2) in alkali medium (KOH)

2015

Abstract The metal salt concentration effect on the size and morphology of ZnO NPs was highlighted through its synthesis thanks to a continuous one-step method at 401 ± 15 °C and 306 ± 8 bar. Experiments were performed from Zn(NO3)2 and KOH as reactants in concentration ranges of 10–480 mM and 40–1920 mM, respectively. A constant [KOH]/[Zn(NO3)2] ratio of 4 was fixed in order to maintain a constant pH value between 12.5 and 13.0. The as-prepared NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy. Based on Louer's method, ZnO crystal exhibiting a hexagonal structure was considered as cylinder with a diameter D and a height H. The D/H parameter …

Materials scienceGeneral Chemical EngineeringAnalytical chemistryConcentration effectMineralogyCondensed Matter PhysicsAlkali metalHydrothermal circulationSupercritical fluidCrystalMetalTransmission electron microscopyvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumCrystallitePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryThe Journal of Supercritical Fluids
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The effect of a liquid CTBN rubber modifier on the thermo-kinetic parameters of an epoxy resin during a pultrusion process

2003

Abstract Rheo-kinetic behaviour of an epoxy resin, coupled with an anhydride hardener, with different CTBN liquid rubber concentration (0–15 phr), used in fibre reinforced plastics, was analysed comparing experimental data with theoretical models. The modelling of technological pultrusion process for thermoset matrix composites, developed through a numerical code realised with MATLAB, is reported, too. The model includes conduction and cure heat, degree of cure and viscosity evolution during the curing within the die. Considerable differences in process condition, using different rubber amount, are obtained. The numerical modelling of process conditions shows that the CTBN rubber presence i…

Materials scienceGeneral EngineeringConcentration effectThermosetting polymerCuring Computational simulationpultrusionEpoxyThermal conductionSettore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei MaterialiNatural rubberPultrusionvisual_artHeat transferCeramics and Compositesvisual_art.visual_art_mediumComposite materialCuring (chemistry)
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Shear characterization of CaCO3-filled linear low density polyethylene

1988

Shear properties of CaCO3-filled linear low density polyethylene have been determined over a wide range of filler loading. The viscosity rises with the filler loading especially at low shear rates and a yield value appears for CaCO3-contents larger than 5%. The decrease of the die-swell ratios of the filled samples indicates a reduction of the melt elasticity.

Materials scienceMineralogyConcentration effectActivation energyDie swellCondensed Matter PhysicsVelocity shearLinear low-density polyethylenechemistry.chemical_compoundCalcium carbonateShear (geology)chemistryShear stressGeneral Materials ScienceComposite materialRheologica Acta
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Photo-oxidation behaviour of polyethylene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite films

2009

Abstract The resistance to accelerated photo-oxidation of polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) composite films was compared with the photo-oxidation behaviour of pristine polyethylene film. The polyethylene/MW-CNTs films containing different CNTs loading were subjected to accelerated UV-B exposure. At short exposure time, i.e. under 200 h, the rates of carbonyl formation are very similar to that observed for pristine polyethylene film but at longer irradiation times the carbonyl formation increases for lower MW-CNTs contents (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% wt./wt.), and decreases for higher MW-CNTs contents (1 and 2% wt./wt.). By adding a UV-stabilizer to the films their photo-oxidation …

Materials scienceNanocompositePolymers and PlasticsComposite numberConcentration effectCarbon nanotubePolyethyleneCondensed Matter Physicslaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryMechanics of MaterialslawMaterials ChemistryPhotochemical degradationIrradiationShort exposureComposite materialPolymer Degradation and Stability
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