Search results for "Condition"

Behavioral Traits Associated With Resilience to the Effects of Repeated Social Defeat on Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

2020

The relationship between stress and drug use is well demonstrated. Stress-induced by repeated social defeat (RSD) enhances the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by cocaine in mice. The phenomenon of resilience understood as the ability of subjects to overcome the negative effects of stress is the focus of increasing interest. Our aim is to characterize the behavior of resilient animals with respect to the effects of RSD on the CPP induced by cocaine. To this end, 25 male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to stress by RSD during late adolescence, while other 15 male mice did not undergo stress (controls). On the 2 days following the last defeat, all the animals carried out the elevated plus…

Ventilation and air-conditioning systems in dental clinics and COVID-19: How much do we know?

2021

Background: This study evaluated the association between knowledge and management of ventilation and air-conditioning systems (VAC) to avoid the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in health facilities by dentists and demographic variables. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional digital media survey was administered to dentists as part of global research. The core questionnaire was used including four additional questions on VAC (Q1: knowledge, Q2: work settings, Q3: temperature, and Q4: maintenance). A descriptive analysis was conducted for sociodemographic and VAC variables, and bivariate analysis was carried out using different tests. Results: 5370 dentists answered the survey (median age of…

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2021

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has involved more than one hundred million individuals, including more than two million deaths. Diabetes represents one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide and significantly increases the risk of hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, the pathophysiological mechanisms, and the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes. We propose a rationale for using drugs prescribed in patients with diabetes and some pragmatic clinical recommendations to deal with COVID-19 in this kind of patient.

Projecting the spread of COVID-19 for Germany

2020

We model the evolution of the number of individuals that are reported to be sick with COVID-19 in Germany. Our theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four states: healthy without infection, sick, healthy after recovery or after infection but without symptoms and dead. Our quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals up to the most recent observation and ends with a share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. We employ this framework to study inter alia the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. We also study the effects of public regulati…

Glycolysis Metabolites and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Trial

2021

The increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) highlights the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between glycolysis-related metabolites and the risk of AF and HF in a Mediterranean population at high risk of CVD. We used two case-control studies nested within the PREDIMED trial. A total of 512 incident AF cases matched to 734 controls, and 334 incident HF cases matched to 508 controls, were included. Plasma metabolites were quantified by using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution negative ion mode MS detection. C…

Smoking-induced preconditioning: acute, but not chronic, smoking paradoxically protects the endothelium from ischemia and reperfusion

2013

Barrett's esophagus: endoscopic resection

2003

In experienced hands, ER is a safe method of resecting dysplastic lesions and early carcinomas of the GI tract, and it has decisive advantages compared with other local endoscopic treatment procedures (such as thermal destruction and PDT). The opportunity for histological processing of the resected specimen provides information regarding the depth of invasion of the individual layers of the GI tract wall. Additionally, it has advantages regarding excision with healthy margins. This means that even when there is infiltration of the submucosa that has not been detected before treatment--in which case local endoscopic therapy is no longer appropriate--a patient with early Barrett's cancer stil…

FORUM ISSUE: “Free Radicals and Physical Exercise”

2013

Magnifying chromoendoscopy for the detection of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions

2006

The prognosis for patients with malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract is strictly dependent on the early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions. At present, endoscopy can be performed with new, powerful high-resolution or magnifying endoscopes. Comparable to the rapid development in chip technology, the optic features of the newly designed endoscopes offer resolutions that allow new mucosal surface details to be seen. In conjunction with chromoendoscopy, the newly discovered tool of video endoscopy is much easier to use and more impressive than previously used fibreoptic endoscopy. This review summarises the value of magnifying endoscopy in the upper and lower gastrointestinal…

Non-Hemodynamic Effects of Organic Nitrates and the Distinctive Characteristics of Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate

2009

Organic nitrates are among the oldest and yet most commonly employed drugs in the long-term therapy of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. While they have long been used in clinical practice, our understanding of their mechanism of action and side effects remains incomplete. For instance, recent findings provide evidence of previously unanticipated, non-hemodynamic properties that include potentially beneficial mechanisms (such as the induction of a protective phenotype that mimics ischemic preconditioning), but also toxic effects (such as endothelial and autonomic dysfunction, rebound angina, tolerance). To date, the most commonly employed organic nitrates are isosorbide …