Search results for "Condition"
showing 10 items of 2530 documents
Iterated Conditionals and Characterization of P-Entailment
2021
In this paper we deepen, in the setting of coherence, some results obtained in recent papers on the notion of p-entailment of Adams and its relationship with conjoined and iterated conditionals. We recall that conjoined and iterated conditionals are suitably defined in the framework of conditional random quantities. Given a family \(\mathcal {F}\) of n conditional events \(\{E_{1}|H_{1},\ldots , E_{n}|H_{n}\}\) we denote by \(\mathcal {C}(\mathcal {F})=(E_{1}|H_{1})\wedge \cdots \wedge (E_{n}|H_{n})\) the conjunction of the conditional events in \(\mathcal F\). We introduce the iterated conditional \(\mathcal {C}(\mathcal {F}_{2})|\mathcal {C}(\mathcal {F}_{1})\), where \(\mathcal {F}_{1}\)…
EXISTENCE OF THREE SOLUTIONS FOR A MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH THE STURM-LIOUVILLE EQUATION
2012
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to establish the existence of threesolutions for a Sturm-Liouville mixed boundary value problem. The ap-proach is based on multiple critical points theorems. 1. IntroductionThe aim of this paper is to establish, under a suitable set of assumptions, theexistence of at least three solutions for the following Sturm-Liouville problemwith mixed boundary conditions(RS λ )ˆ−(pu ′ ) ′ +qu = λf(t,u) in I =]a,b[u(a) = u ′ (b) = 0,where λ is a positive parameter and p, q, f are regular functions. To be precise,if f : [a,b] × R→ Ris a L 2 -Carath´eodory function and p,q ∈ L ∞ ([a,b]) suchthatp 0 := essinf t∈[a,b] p(t) > 0, q 0 := essinf t∈[a,b] q(t) ≥ 0,then we prove …
Lower and Upper Probability Bounds for Some Conjunctions of Two Conditional Events
2018
In this paper we consider, in the framework of coherence, four different definitions of conjunction among conditional events. In each of these definitions the conjunction is still a conditional event. We first recall the different definitions of conjunction; then, given a coherent probability assessment (x, y) on a family of two conditional events \(\{A|H,B|K\}\), for each conjunction \((A|H) \wedge (B|K)\) we determine the (best) lower and upper bounds for the extension \(z=P[(A|H) \wedge (B|K)]\). We show that, in general, these lower and upper bounds differ from the classical Frechet-Hoeffding bounds. Moreover, we recall a notion of conjunction studied in recent papers, such that the res…
The best constant for the Sobolev trace embedding from into
2004
Abstract In this paper we study the best constant, λ 1 ( Ω ) for the trace map from W 1 , 1 ( Ω ) into L 1 ( ∂ Ω ) . We show that this constant is attained in BV ( Ω ) when λ 1 ( Ω ) 1 . Moreover, we prove that this constant can be obtained as limit when p ↘ 1 of the best constant of W 1 , p ( Ω ) ↪ L p ( ∂ Ω ) . To perform the proofs we will look at Neumann problems involving the 1-Laplacian, Δ 1 ( u ) = div ( Du / | Du | ) .
Regulation and efficiency: the case of European railways
2001
Abstract During the long period of regulation of the railway system in Europe (1950s–1990s) the companies notably improved their levels of productivity. However, parallel to this, the state of their financial accounts also significantly worsened. In order to explain this fact we have estimated both cost and revenue frontier functions, calculating the losses associated with both cost and revenue inefficiencies as well as inefficiencies on the cost side. The results obtained show the existence of significant potential losses of revenue, which can be explained above all by the strong policy of regulation and intervention reigning in this period. A better commercial policy and a supply adapted …
Common fixed point theorems of integral type for OWC mappings under relaxed condition
2017
In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for a pair of occasionally weakly compatible (owc) self mappings satisfying a mixed contractive condition of integral type without using the triangle inequality. We prove also analogous results for two pairs of owc self mappings by assuming symmetry only on the set of points of coincidence. These results unify, extend and complement many results existing in the recent literature. Finally, we give an application of our results in dynamic programming.
Tonically Active Neurons in the Monkey Striatum are Sensitive to Sensory Events in a Manner that Reflects their Predictability in Time
2002
It is now well established that tonically active neurons (TANs) in the monkey striatum respond to motivationally relevant sensory events, such as conditioned stimuli to which the animal had to react correctly to obtain reward. Recent findings obtained in our laboratory suggested that stimulus prediction may influence the responsiveness of the TANs. In the present study we specifically investigated the effects of temporal aspects of prediction on the responses of single TANs recorded both in the caudate nucleus and putamen of two macaque monkeys. Three different behavioral situations were employed: (1) an instrumental task, in which a visual stimulus triggering a rewarded movement was preced…
Consequences of food-attraction conditioning in Helix: a behavioral and electrophysiological study
1996
Food-attraction conditioning is a learning phenomenon by which adult Helix pomatia acquire the ability to locate food through exposure to that particular food. Food-conditioned snails can be distinguished from ‘naive’ snails during their approach to food. ‘Naive’ snails keep their tentacles upright — whereas ‘food-conditioned’ animals bend the tentacles down-ward, in a horizontal orientation, pointed in the direction of the food.
Seek and you shall find? A content analysis on the diversity of five search engines’ results on political queries
2020
Search engines are important political news sources and should thus provide users with diverse political information ��� an important precondition of a well-informed citizenry. The search engines��� algorithmic content selection strongly influences the diversity of the content received by the users ��� particularly since most users highly trust search engines and often click on only the first result. A widespread concern is that users are not informed diversely by search engines, but how far this concern applies has hardly been investigated. Our study is the first to investigate content diversity provided by five search engines on ten current political issues in Germany. The findings show t…
La population étudiante à l'épreuve des comparaisons internationales
2019
International audience; Deux grands types d'enquêtes originales permettent de cerner les mondes étudiants dans l'espace européen de l'enseignement supérieur. Ce chapitre dévoile les principaux résultats en matière de conditions de vie des étudiant-e-s et d’insertion professionnelle en l’illustrant par les spécificités des étudiants au cœur de neuf pays qui ont participé à ces projets depuis 1999. Le croisement des informations, qui reposent sur les expériences et les perceptions des jeunes, permet de dégager les tendances communes au niveau de l'Europe et de saisir les particularités de chaque pays. Malgré certaines similitudes avec l'ensemble des diplômé-e-s européens, les conditions de vi…