Search results for "Content"

POSSIBILITIES OF USING DIALECT ATLASES IN THE ACQUISITION OF LATVIAN LANGUAGE

2020

The creation of a modern lesson increasingly uses open data, a variety of digital resources, electronic teaching tools etc. In addition to books, electronic teaching tools, information resources, etc., come into the training process as a way to portray linguistic information and the writers' creative thought. One of the resources that can be successfully exploited in promoting the growth of a fully developed and skilled pupil, as well as in-depth learning of the Latvian language, is dialect atlases. The aim of the research was to understand the functionality and effectiveness of the dialect atlases in lear ning lexicology and dialectology. The study combined the descriptive method and conte…

Towards Estimation of Seasonal Water Dynamics of Winter Wheat from Ground-Based L-Band Radiometry 

2021

The vegetation optical depth (VOD) parameter contains information on plant water content and biomass, and can be estimated alongside soil moisture from currently operating satellite radiometer missions, such as SMOS (ESA) and SMAP (NASA). The estimation of water fluxes, such as plant water uptake (PWU) and transpiration rate (TR), from these Earth system parameters (VOD, soil moisture) requires assessing potential (suction tension) gradients of water and flow resistances in the soil, the vegetation and the atmosphere, yet it remains an elusive challenge especially on global scale. Here, we used a field-scale experiment to test mechanistic models for the estimation of seasonal water fluxes (…

CO2 and H2S concentrations in the atmosphere at the Solfatara of Pozzuoli

1984

The CO2 and H2S concentration in the Solfatara atmosphere has been measured. The concentrations of both gases are higher neraby the more active areas and decrease away from them. A sharp horizontal and vertical gradient of the CO2 content has been recognized.

Summertime and wintertime atmospheric processes of secondary aerosol in Beijing

2020

Secondary aerosol constitutes a large fraction of fine particles in urban air of China. However, its formation mechanisms and atmospheric processes remain largely uncertain despite considerable study in recent years. To elucidate the seasonal variations in fine-particle composition and secondary aerosol formation, an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Q-ACSM), combined with other online instruments, was used to characterize the sub-micrometer particulate matter (diameter < 1 µm, PM1) in Beijing during summer and winter 2015. Our results suggest that photochemical oxidation was the major pathway for sulfate formation during summer, whereas aqueou…

Assessment of the SMAP Level-4 Surface and Root-Zone Soil Moisture Product Using In Situ Measurements

2017

International audience; The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level-4 Surface and Root-Zone Soil Moisture (L4_SM) data product is generated by assimilating SMAP L-band brightness temperature observations into the NASA Catchment land surface model. The L4_SM product is available from 31 March 2015 to present (within 3 days from real time) and provides 3-hourly, global, 9-km resolution estimates of surface (0-5 cm) and root-zone (0-100 cm) soil moisture and land surface conditions. This study presents an overview of the L4_SM algorithm, validation approach, and product assessment versus in situ measurements. Core validation sites provide spatially averaged surface (root zone) soil m…

2016

Abstract. Cloud residues and out-of-cloud aerosol particles with diameters between 150 and 900 nm were analysed by online single particle aerosol mass spectrometry during the 6-week study Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia (HCCT)-2010 in September–October 2010. The measurement location was the mountain Schmücke (937 m a.s.l.) in central Germany. More than 160 000 bipolar mass spectra from out-of-cloud aerosol particles and more than 13 000 bipolar mass spectra from cloud residual particles were obtained and were classified using a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Analysis of the uncertainty of the sorting algorithm was conducted on a subset of the data by comparing the clustering output with parti…

A prediction model for field drying of hay using a heat balance method

1993

Abstract A hay drying model with a multi-layer representation has been developed. This model, based on a heat balance method, was designed to compute hay drying dynamics in the field. It was implemented for hay spread over a field or in windrows. The necessary inputs are: (1) meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar and atmospheric radiation); (2) biological characteristics of the plant; (3) hay physical parameters (depth, leaf area index). The output provides time-dependent cumulative water losses and changes in water content and temperature in the different layers. The model was tested against data measured under experimental conditions with different kinds of grass (…

Evidence of ice crystals at cloud top of Arctic boundary-layer mixed-phase clouds derived from airborne remote sensing

2009

Abstract. The vertical distribution of ice crystals in Arctic boundary-layer mixed-phase (ABM) clouds was investigated by airborne remote-sensing and in situ measurements during the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR) campaign in March and April 2007. Information on the spectral absorption of solar radiation by ice and liquid water cloud particles is derived from airborne measurements of solar spectral radiation reflected by these clouds. It is shown by calculation of the vertical weighting function of the measurements that the observed absorption of solar radiation is dominated by the upper cloud layers (50% within 200 m from cloud top). This vertical weighti…

The scavenging of two different types of marine aerosol particles calculated using a two-dimensional detailed cloud model

2011

Our 2-D dynamic model including spectral microphysics and scavenging has been evaluated for a warm precipitating convective cloud at Day 261 (18 September 1974) of the GATE campaign. Two different chemical species ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NaCl) of aerosol particles were followed in the air, inside the drops in the cloud, and inside the drops reaching the ground. Concerning the dynamics and microphysics, as well as the scavenging and wet deposition, the model results agree quite well with available observations. The cloud rained after 19 min of cloud life time. For the considered aerosol loading of the atmosphere, rough estimates are derived for the total material processed by such a warm convect…

2016

We present detailed airborne in situ measurements of cloud microphysics in two midlatitude cirrus clouds, collected as part of the Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX). A new habit recognition algorithm for sorting cloud particle images using a neural network is introduced. Both flights observed clouds that were related to frontal systems, but one was actively developing whilst the other dissipated as it was sampled. The two clouds showed distinct differences in particle number, habit and size. However a number of common features were observed in the 2DS dataset, including a distinct bimodal size distribution within the higher temperature regions of the clouds. This may resu…