Search results for "Context"

showing 10 items of 6304 documents

Innate and adaptive immune responses in the CNS.

2015

Almost every disorder of the CNS is said to have an inflammatory component, but the precise nature of inflammation in the CNS is often imprecisely defined, and the role of CNS-resident cells is uncertain compared with that of cells that invade the tissue from the systemic immune compartment. To understand inflammation in the CNS, the term must be better defined, and the response of tissue to disturbances in homoeostasis (eg, neurodegenerative processes) should be distinguished from disorders in which aberrant immune responses lead to CNS dysfunction and tissue destruction (eg, autoimmunity). Whether the inflammatory tissue response to injury is reparative or degenerative seems to be depende…

Central Nervous SystemInnate immunologyAutoimmunityInflammationContext (language use)610 Medicine & healthAdaptive ImmunityBiologymedicine.disease_cause10263 Institute of Experimental ImmunologyAutoimmunity03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemCentral Nervous System DiseasesResponse to injuryImmunitymedicineAnimalsHumans030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesImmunity Innate2728 Neurology (clinical)Immunology570 Life sciences; biologyNeurology (clinical)medicine.symptomNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHomeostasisThe Lancet. Neurology
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The evolutionary history and tissue mapping of GPR123: specific CNS expression pattern predominantly in thalamic nuclei and regions containing large …

2007

The Adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) includes 33 receptors and is the second largest GPCR family. Most of these proteins are still orphans and fairly little is known of their tissue distribution and evolutionary context. We report the evolutionary history of the Adhesion family protein GPR123 as well as mapping of GPR123 mRNA expression in mouse and rat using in situ hybridization and real-time PCR, respectively. GPR123 was found to be well conserved within the vertebrate lineage, especially within the transmembrane regions and in the distal part of the cytoplasmic tail, containing a potential PDZ binding domain. The real-time PCR data indicates that GPR123 is predomin…

Central Nervous SystemMaleModels MolecularNeuronal signal transductionPDZ domainGene ExpressionContext (language use)In situ hybridizationBiologyBiochemistryReceptors G-Protein-CoupledMiceCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceAnimalsHumansTissue DistributionRNA MessengerNeural Cell Adhesion MoleculesIn Situ HybridizationPhylogenyG protein-coupled receptorReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPyramidal CellsSubiculumRatsCell biologySignal transductionSequence AlignmentNeuroscienceBinding domainJournal of Neurochemistry
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Understanding the Role of T Cells in CNS Homeostasis.

2015

T cells within the central nervous system (CNS) have been generally considered pathogenic, especially in the context of neuroinflammatory disease. However, recent findings have revealed varied functions for T cells in the healthy CNS, as well as more complex roles for these cells in infection and injury than previously appreciated. Here we review evidence indicating important roles for different T cell subsets in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. We examine the contribution of T cells in limiting inflammation and damage upon CNS injury, infection, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Insight into these processes…

Central Nervous SystemT cellT-LymphocytesImmunologyCentral nervous systemContext (language use)InflammationDiseaseBiologyLymphocyte Depletion03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineT-Lymphocyte SubsetsmedicineImmunology and AllergyAnimalsHomeostasisHumansNeurodegenerationmedicine.diseaseCns injurymedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologymedicine.symptomNeurogenic Inflammation030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHomeostasis030215 immunologyTrends in immunology
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Retuning the Nordic Welfare Municipality: Central Regulation of Social Care under Change in Finland

2011

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the changes that have taken place in the central regulation of social care in Finland since the 1970s. The changes in vertical central‐local relations are discussed in the context of economic and welfare state development.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a case study, applying the concept of “the Nordic welfare municipality” to the case of Finland. With this concept, the author refers to the inherently contradictory character of the Nordic model of welfare governance: to a system that emphasises local self‐government but that, at the same time, perceives regional harmonisation as imperative.Findings – After strong central control d…

CentralisationEconomic growthSociology and Political Sciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectCorporate governanceContext (language use)Welfare stateta5142DecentralizationService (economics)Development economicsEconomicsNordic modelGeneral Economics Econometrics and FinanceWelfaremedia_commonInternational Journal of Sociology and Social Policy
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Reference schemes for e-government strategies. The analysis of the case regional government of valencia

2004

E-Government seems to be a fashionable topic and many interests have appeared around it, in particular since 1999. ICT industries, consultancy companies, supranational organizations and even research community are developing important activities with a clear consequence, among others, of increasing the self-convincement level about the importance of the topics. We analyze the experience on e-Government of the Region of Valencia in Spain, its boundary conditions, it background, its main achievement and frustrations, the next steps, the future plans in its, already, long road toward the modernization of its activities using the Information and Communication Technologies. In order to clarify o…

CentralisationStrategic planningGovernmentKnowledge managementbusiness.industryLocal governmentPolitical scienceRegional planningContext (language use)Public administrationModernization theorybusinessDecentralizationProceedings. 2004 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications, 2004.
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The resilience of Finnish farms: Exploring the interplay between agency and structure

2020

Resilience implies, in its essence, the capacity of a system to tolerate disturbances while retaining its essential functions. In the context of agriculture, resilience thinking calls for considering the ability of farms to thrive in turbulent times along with the ability of the ecological system – in which the agricultural production is embedded – to retain its function and integrity. Resilience is a relevant conceptual tool to analyse the contradictory management demands that farms are facing within the current neoliberal market regime: being economically viable and environmentally sustainable. In this study, the resilience of farms was operationalised through farmers' perceptions concern…

CentralisationmaatilatSociology and Political ScienceNatural resource economicsGeography Planning and Development0211 other engineering and technologies0507 social and economic geographyVulnerabilityagrifood systemContext (language use)02 engineering and technologyDevelopmentmaatilatalousfarm systemAgency (sociology)Agricultural productivityResilience (network)resilienceresilienssiruokajärjestelmätkestävä maatalous05 social sciences021107 urban & regional planningtoimijuusStructure and agencyVirtuous circle and vicious circleagency-structureBusiness050703 geographyadaptive renewal cycleJournal of Rural Studies
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Dioniso a Centuripe: iconografia ‘teatrale’ e imagerie dionisiaca in contesto funerario

2021

The purpose of the paper is to bring together and to assess some strands of the funerary imagery elaborated in Centuripe (Sicily) in 3rd-1st centuries B.C., that until recently have been viewed in total isolation from each other. Dionysian themes and motifs have been variously identified in the local polychrome pottery, since the discovery, early in 20th century, of two impressive vases representing Dionysos himself in a relaxed pose; as opposed to the prevailing “bacchic-orphic” explanation, however, from the second half of past century the nuptial theme was considered to be the most important of the Centuripan vase inventory; finally, some scholars have argued that the repertory was not s…

Centuripe terracotta figurines polychrome vases funerary imagery theatrical imagery Dionysian imagery contextSettore L-ANT/07 - Archeologia Classica
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Towards a unified analysis of brain maturation and aging across the entire lifespan: A MRI analysis

2017

Previous literature about the structural characterization of the human cerebellum is related to the context of a specific pathology or focused in a restricted age range. In fact, studies about the cerebellum maturation across the lifespan are scarce and most of them considered the cerebellum as a whole without investigating each lobule. This lack of study can be explained by the lack of both accurate segmentation methods and data availability. Fortunately, during the last years, several cerebellum segmentation methods have been developed and many databases comprising subjects of different ages have been made publically available. This fact opens an opportunity window to obtain a more extens…

CerebellumRadiological and Ultrasound TechnologyCerebellum maturation05 social sciencesBrain maturationContext (language use)Degeneration (medical)Slow growth050105 experimental psychologyAccurate segmentation03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologymedicine0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingSegmentationNeurology (clinical)AnatomyPsychologyNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHuman Brain Mapping
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Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy for Malignant Indications: Laparoscopic Trachelectomy

2017

Radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection represents the standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer, alternative surgical approaches able to spare reproductive organs have been developed. In this context, vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy represents the gold standard for fertility sparing surgery in early stage cervical cancer patients. In selected cases laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) may offer specific advantages. In this manuscript, we report a literature review and describe this surgical approach step by step.

Cervical cancermedicine.medical_specialtybusiness.industryGeneral surgeryStandard treatmentUrologyContext (language use)TrachelectomyCervical Cancermedicine.diseaseRadical TrachelectomyDissectionmedicine.anatomical_structuremedicineStage (cooking)Radical HysterectomybusinessLymph node
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Underlay Device-to-Device Communications on Multiple Channels

2018

Author´s accepted manuscript (postprint). © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Since the spectral efficiency of wireless communications is already close to its fundamental bounds, a significant increase in spatial efficiency is required to meet future traffic demands. Device-to-device (D2D) communications provide such an increase by allowing nearby u…

Channel allocation schemesComputer sciencebusiness.industry05 social sciences050801 communication & media studies020206 networking & telecommunicationsThroughputContext (language use)02 engineering and technologySpectral efficiencyBase station0508 media and communications0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringWirelessUnderlaybusinessComputer networkCommunication channel
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