Search results for "Context"
showing 10 items of 6304 documents
International Assessment Surveys of Educational Achievement in Developing Countries : Why Education Economists Should Care
2015
International audience; This paper reviews the most known international assessment studies that are conducted in the context of poor countries and highlights the lack of empirical evidence on the degree to which the contents of the tests really match countries' curricula. To illustrate, the paper evaluates the sensitivity of an international testing instrument by comparing the responses of students in two consecutive grades on the same battery of tests. Using propensity score matching to control for student and teacher characteristics, the results show that the tests are not grade sensitive, which raises the question of the validity of many empirical works that are based on similar instrume…
Methodological Guidelines Designed to Improve the Quality of Research on Cross-Country Skiing
2021
AbstractCross-country (XC) ski races involve a variety of formats, two different techniques and tracks with highly variable topography and environmental conditions. In addition, XC skiing is a major component of both Nordic combined and biathlon competitions. Research in this area, both in the laboratory and field, encounters certain difficulties that may reduce the reliability and validity of the data obtained, as well as complicate comparisons between studies. Here, 13 international experts propose specific guidelines designed to enhance the quality of research and publications on XC skiing, as well as on the biathlon and Nordic combined skiing. We consider biomechanical (kinematic, kinet…
Multimodal Aposematic Defenses Through the Predation Sequence
2021
Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive tastes. Using multiple lines of defense can help prey avoid predators by stimulating multiple senses and/or by acting at different stages of predation. We tested the efficacy of three lines of defense (color, smell, taste) during the predation sequence of aposematic wood tiger moths (Arctia plantaginis) using blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) predators. Moths with two hindwing phenotypes (genotypes: WW/Wy = white, yy = yellow) were manipulated to have defense fluid with aversive smell (methoxypyrazines), body tissues with a…
Safety in Numbers: How Color Morph Frequency Affects Predation Risk in an Aposematic Moth
2021
Polymorphic warning signals in aposematic systems are enigmatic because predator learning should favor the most common form, creating positive frequency-dependent survival. However, many populations exhibit variation in warning signals. There are various selective mechanisms that can counter positive frequency-dependent selection and lead to temporal or spatial warning signal diversification. Examining these mechanisms and their effects requires first confirming whether the most common morphs are favored at both local and regional scales. Empirical examples of this are uncommon and often include potentially confounding factors, such as a lack of knowledge of predator identity and behavior. …
Infographics as a Reflective Assignment Method in Requirements Engineering e-Course?
2019
Our Work in Progress Paper in Innovative Practice Category focuses on how learners’ experience use of infographics in advanced level e-course on requirements engineering (RE). Infographics are visual representations of information in such a way that information can be easily understood at a glance. Most of the previous infographics studies have been conducted in the context of inquiry learning. To complement this research, we studied how learners experience use of infographics as a method for reflective assignment and hence if the usage of infographics supported conceptualization about RE. We adopted a qualitative content analysis approach, applying thematic network analysis to the data rec…
Digital advertising around paid spaces, e-advertising industry’s revenue engine : A review and research agenda
2017
We develop and describe a framework for research in a particular segment of digital advertising. Internet Advertising Paid Slots and Spaces (IAPS) is a neologism and work almost like a stock exchange for buying and selling advertising in various formats on designated spaces around web and make a significant contribution to Internet advertising revenues. These paid spaces were found to encompass diverse areas of Internet advertising that include search engine marketing, social media advertising and display advertising. Given the complexity of the modern digital advertising eco system, this literature review seeks to provide clarity, up-to-date knowledge and ongoing insights into Internet adv…
Digital Activism in Russia: The Evolution and Forms of Online Participation in an Authoritarian State
2020
AbstractThis chapter describes how digitalization has affected activism in Russia by tracing the evolution, particularity, and the most visible forms of online activism in the context of the increasingly authoritarian Russian state. It discusses online activism in relation to “connective action” and illustrates it with two examples of contentious political activism: the anti-corruption campaign led by Alexei Navalny and the struggle to protect online communication from state surveillance by the Telegram messenger service. In addition, the chapter presents examples of Russian activism, which do not directly challenge the Kremlin.
Explorando nuevas vías para mejorar la eficacia de la intervención en hombres condenados por violencia de género
2014
Con el objetivo de delimitar el ámbito en el que se sitúa este trabajo, en primer lugar, se ha de destacar que se enmarca en el área de la violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja. Este tipo de violencia es un problema que desde hace unas décadas se considera un problema social extendiéndose más allá del ámbito privado. Desde luego, a pesar de los esfuerzos emprendidos por diversos colectivos de profesionales, la realidad impone que siguen muriendo mujeres a manos de sus parejas o exparejas como máxima expresión de este tipo de violencia. Las medidas a tomar implican tanto a las víctimas (mujeres e hijos/as) como a los agresores y la sociedad en general. Con esta idea en mente,…
Medical masks and Respirators for the Protection of Healthcare Workers from SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses
2020
The use of medical masks and respirators as personal protective equipment is pivotal to reducing the level of biological hazard to which healthcare workers are exposed during the outbreak of highly diffusible pathogens, such as the recent novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, during this pandemic, supplies are rapidly running out worldwide, with potential consequences for the rate of occupational infections. Also, knowledge about specific characteristics of respirators is of utmost importance to select the proper type according to the clinical setting. A wide variety of literature is available on the topic, but mostly based on Influenza viruses infection models. Clinical evidence on …
Understanding Estonian phraseological units on the basis of Finnish : contributing and misleading factors
2020
Vironkielistä tekstiä lukevien suomalaisten on havaittu hyödyntävän monenlaisia strategioita selvittääkseen sukukielen sanojen merkityksiä. Yksi niistä on pohjustaminen (priming). Kun kyseessä on fraseologinen yksikkö, yksi osa (prime) pohjustaa toisen osan eli kohdesanan (targetin) esiintymistä, mikäli prime on tunnistettavissa äidinkielen perusteella. Tässä artikkelissa kuvaamme muutamia erityistilanteita. Miten pohjustimen ja kohdesanan välinen etäisyys tai teemanvaihdos vaikuttavat ’petollisen ystävän’ ymmärtämiseen? Lisäksi tutkimme sitä, miten ahdasrajainen semanttinen kategoria ohjaa siitä puuttuvan jäsenen merkityksen löytämistä ja millaisia perusteita käännösratkaisuille on löydett…