Search results for "Contingency"

S08-01 - Cochrane Reviews of Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions for Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

2010

IntroductionASPD has a prevalence of 2-3% in the general population but rates in prison have been reported as 50% to 75%. ASPD is associated with significant psychiatric and medical comorbidity, high offending rates, poor psychosocial adaptation and premature death. Outcomes are poor. There is little consensus regarding the most effective intervention for the condition.Aims and objectivesTo conduct systematic literature reviews to identify randomised controlled trials for either pharmacological or psychological interventions for ASPD.MethodsSystematic literature reviews (Cochrane reviews).ResultsFor the review on psychological interventions only 11 studies could be included with a total of …

FPGA-based Acceleration of Detecting Statistical Epistasis in GWAS

2014

Abstract Genotype-by-genotype interactions (epistasis) are believed to be a significant source of unexplained genetic variation causing complex chronic diseases but have been ignored in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) due to the computational burden of analysis. In this work we show how to benefit from FPGA technology for highly parallel creation of contingency tables in a systolic chain with a subsequent statistical test. We present the implementation for the FPGA-based hardware platform RIVYERA S6-LX150 containing 128 Xilinx Spartan6-LX150 FPGAs. For performance evaluation we compare against the method iLOCi[9]. iLOCi claims to outperform other available tools in terms of accuracy.…

Paradigms for Political Action. A Draft for a Repertoire

2022

Whether politics is a separate sphere or an aspect of human action is a subject of academic controversy. I focus here on the political aspect of action, which is not exclusive of other aspects. There are no ‘naturally political’ issues nor is there anything completely devoid of a political aspect. I am now taking a step backwards to discuss the seemingly simple ‘political or not’ question, as compared to the ‘political in which sense’ question, which I have discussed elsewhere. In this article, I stay on the ideal–typical level, as I want to discuss alternative ways of marking the criteria for the political aspect, without discussing the views of other scholars in detail. I call the procedu…

Conceptualizing innovation capabilities: A contingency perspective

2017

Empirical research has confirmed that a positive relationship exists between the implementation of innovation activities and the future performance of organizations. Firms utilize resources and capabilities to develop innovations in the form of new products, services or processes. Some firms prove to be better at reproducing innovation success than others, and the capacity to do so is referred to as innovation capability. However, the term innovation capability is ambiguously treated in extant literature. There are several different definitions of the concept and the distinction between innovation capabilities and other types of capabilities, such as dynamic capabilities, is neither explici…

Trade-offs or Complements? : Balancing Diversified Stakeholder Expectations, Institutional Pressures, and Functional Demands in the Strategic Managem…

2019

While scholars and practitioners have warned that business schools are losing their edge in creating and disseminating relevant knowledge in the crosscurrent of environmental demands, the management and organization of higher education institutions (HEIs) have been described as “herding cats” and “organized anarchy”. The teaching–research nexus forms the cornerstone of academic organization and has a quintessential role in strategic management. However, despite the growing body of literature on HEIs’ teaching–research nexus, organization, and environmental changes, few studies have examined the interplay of the three. Therefore, this study combines two contingency-theory views to examine th…

2020

A habit is a regularity in automatic responding to a specific situation. Classical learning psychology explains the emergence of habits by an extended learning history during which the response becomes associated to the situation (learning of stimulus-response associations) as a function of practice ("law of exercise") and/or reinforcement ("law of effect"). In this paper, we propose the "law of recency" as another route to habit acquisition that draws on episodic memory models of automatic response regulation. According to this account, habitual responding results from (a) storing stimulus-response episodes in memory, and (b) retrieving these episodes when encountering the stimulus again. …

Reclaiming the Stroop Effect Back From Control to Input-Driven Attention and Perception

2019

According to a growing consensus, the Stroop effect is understood as a phenomenon of conflict and cognitive control. A tidal wave of recent research alleges that incongruent Stroop stimuli generate conflict, which is then managed and resolved by top-down cognitive control. We argue otherwise: control studies fail to account for major Stroop results obtained over a century-long history of research. We list some of the most compelling developments and show that no control account can serve as a viable explanation for major Stroop phenomena and that there exist more parsimonious explanations for other Stroop related phenomena. Against a wealth of studies and emerging consensus, we posit that d…

External knowledge sourcing for R&D activities: antecedents and implications of governance mode choice

2014

This paper investigates how internal and external factors affect the choice between alliances and joint ventures (A&JVs) and mergers and acquisitions (M&As) for the external sourcing of research and development (R&D) activities, and whether or not such a choice is really con- tingent, that is, is it the best choice in terms of its impact on firms’ innovative performance under those circumstances? We build a set of hypotheses based on both the transaction-cost theory and the resource-based view, and test them through a secondary data source analy- sis. We found that companies adopt either R&D M&A or A&JV depending on internal (e.g. resources and capabilities, innovation experience) and exter…

Female Leadership in Software Projects : A Preliminary Result on Leadership Style and Project Context Factors

2018

Structural Correspondence Between Organizational Theories

2021

AbstractOrganizational research constitutes a differentiated, complex and fragmented field with multiple contradicting and incommensurable theories that make fundamentally different claims about the social and organizational reality. In contrast to natural sciences, the progress in this field can’t be attributed to the principle of truthlikeness where theories compete against each other and only best theories survive and prove they are closer to the truth and thus demonstrate scientific knowledge accumulation. We defend the structural realist view on the nature of organizational theories in order to demonstrate that despite the multiplicity of isolated and competing explanations of organiza…